درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

 Objective: This study investigated Gender-Leadership in the ivory tower, a survey of higher education institutions in Taraba State, Nigeria.Methods: A descriptive survey design was adopted for the study. A simple random sampling method was used to select a sample size of 372 academic and non-academic staff for this study. The instrument used for the study was the Gender-Leadership Questionnaire (GLQ). Hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance using a t-test.Results: The findings revealed no significant difference in the mean rating scores of women representations in leadership positions in Taraba State institutions of higher learning between academic and non-academic staff. Furthermore, the findings revealed no significant difference in the mean rating scores of underrepresentation of women in leadership positions in Taraba State institutions of higher learning between academic and non-academic staff. Women's representation in leadership positions is lopsided in favor of their male counterparts.Conclusion: Factors that contribute to women's underrepresentation in leadership positions include cognitive bias, uneven access to knowledge, opportunities and administrative responsibility, and societal privileges that favor the males among others.

Objective: The present research aimed to compare the effectiveness of assertiveness training and Logotherapy on cognitive emotional regulation and psychological well-being in mothers of children with autism spectrum disorders. Methods: The research design was a quasi-experimental pre-test post-test with a control group. The study population included all mothers of children with autism spectrum disorders in Tehran during the years 2022-2023. Sixty eligible individuals were randomly sampled into three groups: Experimental Group 1, Experimental Group 2, and a Control Group. The research variables were measured using the Gratz and Roemer (2004) Emotion Regulation Questionnaire and the Ryff (1989) Psychological Well-being Scale. Experimental Groups 1 and 2 received eight 2-hour sessions of Logotherapy and assertiveness training respectively, while the control group received no intervention during this period. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS software. Findings: The results indicated that there was a significant difference in the effectiveness of assertiveness training and Logotherapy on cognitive emotional regulation among mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder (p = 0.05). There was also a significant difference in the effectiveness of assertiveness training and Logotherapy on the psychological well-being of these mothers (p = 0.05). Conclusion: Therefore, it can be concluded that both assertiveness training and Logotherapy enhance cognitive emotional regulation, with Logotherapy being a more effective method for increasing psychological well-being compared to assertiveness training.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy on pain perception and pain catastrophizing in women with breast cancer. Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 30 women with breast cancer who referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital in Sari in 2024 were studied using convenience sampling. They were then randomly assigned to two groups: the short-term intensive psychodynamic intervention group (15 participants) and the control group (15 participants) without any intervention. The short-term intensive psychodynamic intervention was implemented according to the protocol by Teska et al. (2005) over 16 weekly sessions, each lasting one and a half hours. The samples were assessed at two stages, pre-test and post-test, using the Pain Perception Questionnaire by Schaal et al. (2010) and the Pain Catastrophizing Scale by Rahmati et al. (2017). Data were analyzed using repeated measures multivariate analysis of variance in SPSS24 software. Findings: In the intervention group, the mean scores for pain catastrophizing were (17.20±36.60) and for pain perception were (36.33±80.80) in the pre-test and post-test stages, respectively. Post-test scores significantly decreased compared to pre-test scores in the components of pain catastrophizing and pain perception in the experimental group compared to the control group. Additionally, the results showed that intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy had a statistically significant effect on pain catastrophizing (P<0.05, F=24.41) and pain perception (P<0.05, F=56.201) after adjusting the means of the two groups based on the pre-test score. Conclusion: The results indicate the effectiveness of intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy on pain catastrophizing and pain perception in women with breast cancer. Therefore, this therapy can be used alongside other medical treatment methods in hospitals and clinics dedicated to breast cancer patients to reduce the psychological needs and problems of women with this condition.