فیلترهای جستجو:
فیلتری انتخاب نشده است.
نمایش ۱٬۹۸۱ تا ۲٬۰۰۰ مورد از کل ۲٬۰۱۸ مورد.
منبع:
Psychological Research in Individuals with Exceptional Needs (PRIEN), Vol. ۳ No. ۲ (۲۰۲۵) : Serial Number ۱۰
44-51
حوزههای تخصصی:
This study aimed to examine the predictive role of frustration tolerance and social competence in body image satisfaction among adolescents with physical disabilities. This research utilized a correlational descriptive design with a sample of 350 adolescents with physical disabilities, selected based on Morgan and Krejcie’s sample size determination table. Participants completed standardized self-report measures assessing body image satisfaction (MBSRQ), frustration tolerance (FDS), and social competence (SSRS). Data analysis was conducted using Pearson correlation to explore associations between variables and linear regression to determine the predictive power of frustration tolerance and social competence on body image satisfaction. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS-27, and assumptions of normality, linearity, and multicollinearity were confirmed before conducting the regression analysis. Descriptive statistics showed that participants had a mean body image satisfaction score of 74.56 (SD = 9.87), a frustration tolerance score of 62.34 (SD = 8.23), and a social competence score of 68.21 (SD = 7.95). Correlation analysis revealed significant positive relationships between body image satisfaction and frustration tolerance (r = 0.52, p < 0.01) and body image satisfaction and social competence (r = 0.61, p < 0.01). The regression model was statistically significant (F(2, 347) = 90.75, p < 0.01, R² = 0.46), indicating that frustration tolerance (B = 0.42, β = 0.39, t = 5.25, p < 0.01) and social competence (B = 0.56, β = 0.47, t = 7.91, p < 0.01) were both significant predictors of body image satisfaction. The findings suggest that higher frustration tolerance and greater social competence are associated with increased body image satisfaction in adolescents with physical disabilities, with social competence playing a slightly stronger role. These results highlight the importance of resilience-building and social skills interventions to enhance body image satisfaction in this population.
اثربخشی مشاوره خانواده مبتنی بر ذهنیت رشد یافته بر تاب آوری و طرد-پذیرش مادران با دانش آموز چند معلولیتی(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
منبع:
کودکان استثنایی سال ۲۵ بهار ۱۴۰۴ شماره ۱ (پیاپی ۹۵)
۱۱۷-۱۰۶
حوزههای تخصصی:
هدف: این پژوهش با هدف بررسی اثربخشی مشاوره خانواده مبتنی بر ذهنیت رشد یافته بر تاب آوری و طرد-پذیرش مادران با فرزند دانش آموز چندمعلولیتی انجام شد.روش: این پژوهش از روش نیمه آزمایشی با طرح پیش آزمون - پس آزمون و گروه کنترل نابرابر استفاده کرد. جامعه آماری شامل 108 دانش آموز مدرسه چندمعلولیتی کوشا در شهر مشهد بود که به صورت تصادفی انتخاب شدند. ابزارهای اندازه گیری شامل پرسشنامه تاب آوری کانر و دیویدسون (2000) و پرسشنامه طرد-پذیرش پورتر (1954) بودند. داده ها با استفاده از روش های توصیفی و تحلیل کوواریانس (آنکوا) در نرم افزار SPSS 22 تحلیل شد.یافته ها: نتایج نشان داد که مشاوره خانواده مبتنی بر ذهنیت رشد یافته تأثیر مثبت و معنی داری بر تاب آوری مادران دارد و همچنین موجب بهبود طرد-پذیرش در آنها شد.بحث و نتیجه گیری: این یافته ها نشان می دهند که مشاوره خانواده مبتنی بر ذهنیت رشد یافته می تواند به عنوان یک مداخله مؤثر در بهبود تاب آوری و پذیرش مادران در خانواده های با فرزند چندمعلولیتی استفاده شود. این نوع مشاوره با کاهش احساس طرد و افزایش تاب آوری، به مادران کمک می کند تا بهتر با چالش های روزمره مواجه شوند.
Effectiveness of Motivational Interviewing on Participation and Emotional Skills in Learning Disabled Adults
منبع:
Psychological Research in Individuals with Exceptional Needs (PRIEN), Vol. ۱ No. ۱ (۲۰۲۳) : Serial Number ۱
32-40
حوزههای تخصصی:
This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Motivational Interviewing (MI) in enhancing extracurricular involvement and emotional self-efficacy among individuals with learning disabilities. A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 30 participants diagnosed with learning disabilities. Participants were randomly assigned to an intervention group (n = 15) receiving eight 90-minute sessions of MI or a control group (n = 15) receiving no intervention. Assessments were conducted at baseline, post-intervention, and at a five-month follow-up using the Student Engagement in Extracurricular Activities Scale (SEAS) and the Emotional Self-Efficacy Scale (ESES). Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc tests in SPSS-27. The intervention group showed significant improvements in extracurricular involvement (baseline mean = 25.67, SD = 3.12; post-intervention mean = 35.78, SD = 4.23; follow-up mean = 34.45, SD = 4.01) compared to the control group (baseline mean = 24.89, SD = 3.24; post-intervention mean = 25.12, SD = 3.30; follow-up mean = 25.05, SD = 3.28). Similarly, emotional self-efficacy scores significantly increased in the intervention group (baseline mean = 55.34, SD = 6.45; post-intervention mean = 68.23, SD = 7.01; follow-up mean = 66.45, SD = 6.78) compared to the control group (baseline mean = 54.78, SD = 6.51; post-intervention mean = 55.23, SD = 6.63; follow-up mean = 54.90, SD = 6.52). The ANOVA results indicated significant main effects of group and time, and significant interactions between time and group for both variables (p < .001). Motivational Interviewing significantly enhances extracurricular involvement and emotional self-efficacy among individuals with learning disabilities. These findings suggest that MI is an effective intervention for improving participation and emotional skills in this population.
Exploring Professional Development Needs for Educators in Special Education(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
حوزههای تخصصی:
The objective of this study was to explore the professional development needs of educators in special education. This qualitative research employed a phenomenological approach to understand the lived experiences of 17 special education teachers. Participants were selected based on their diverse experiences and willingness to participate. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, lasting between 45 to 60 minutes, either face-to-face or via video conferencing. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using thematic analysis to identify key themes and subthemes related to the professional development needs of special education teachers. The data collection continued until theoretical saturation was reached. The study identified four main themes regarding professional development needs: Teaching Strategies, Emotional and Social Support, Professional Knowledge, and Collaboration and Advocacy. Under Teaching Strategies, educators highlighted the importance of individualized instruction, effective classroom management, differentiated learning approaches, technology integration, and collaboration with support staff. Emotional and Social Support needs included social skills training, emotional regulation, building relationships, fostering inclusion, crisis intervention, family engagement, and self-care for educators. Professional Knowledge emphasized understanding special education law and policy, disability awareness, evidence-based practices, assessment techniques, ongoing professional development, and curriculum adaptation. Collaboration and Advocacy focused on interdisciplinary teams, student advocacy, community partnerships, professional learning communities, and policy development. The findings underscore the multifaceted professional development needs of special education teachers, highlighting the necessity for tailored training programs that address specific instructional, emotional, social, and collaborative aspects.
Setting the Stage for Progress: Introducing PRIEN Journal to the World
حوزههای تخصصی:
The establishment of the Psychological Research in Individuals with Exceptional Needs (PRIEN) Journal marks a significant milestone in the field of psychology. This pioneering international academic journal is dedicated to addressing the multifaceted psychological needs of individuals with exceptionalities. Our mission is to promote understanding, support, and advancement for those with unique psychological needs, ranging from developmental and emotional challenges to cognitive exceptionalities and giftedness. As we introduce PRIEN Journal to the world, we aim to set the stage for meaningful progress in this crucial field. The landscape of psychological research is vast, yet there remains a critical need for focused studies on individuals with exceptional needs. The PRIEN Journal addresses this gap by offering a platform for high-quality original research, comprehensive reviews, thought-provoking editorials, and insightful communications. This focus ensures that our content is relevant and beneficial to both practitioners and scholars who work with this diverse population. Our journal aims to highlight such impactful studies and bring them to the forefront of academic and clinical practice. As we launch the PRIEN Journal, we invite researchers, practitioners, and scholars to contribute their work and join us in advancing the understanding and support of individuals with exceptional needs. Together, we can set the stage for progress, driving forward research and practice that will make a meaningful difference in the lives of those we serve.
Teacher–Student Interaction Quality and Academic Motivation in Neurodivergent Learners: The Mediating Role of Social Relatedness(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
حوزههای تخصصی:
This study aimed to investigate the effect of teacher–student interaction quality on academic motivation in neurodivergent learners, with social relatedness examined as a mediating variable. A descriptive correlational design was employed using a sample of 403 neurodivergent secondary school students in Slovenia, selected based on Krejcie and Morgan’s sampling table. Standardized instruments were used to assess teacher–student interaction quality, social relatedness, and academic motivation, all measured on 7-point Likert scales. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation in SPSS-27 to explore bivariate associations and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) in AMOS-21 to test the hypothesized mediating model. Model fit was evaluated using multiple indices, including χ²/df, GFI, AGFI, CFI, TLI, and RMSEA. The results indicated significant positive correlations among all variables: teacher–student interaction quality was positively correlated with social relatedness (r = .61, p < .001) and academic motivation (r = .55, p < .001), while social relatedness was strongly correlated with academic motivation (r = .67, p < .001). The SEM analysis showed an acceptable model fit (χ²/df = 2.35, CFI = 0.97, RMSEA = 0.057). Teacher–student interaction quality had significant direct effects on both social relatedness (β = .61, p < .001) and academic motivation (β = .26, p < .001). Social relatedness significantly predicted academic motivation (β = .58, p < .001), and also mediated the relationship between teacher–student interaction and academic motivation (indirect β = .35, p < .001), confirming a partial mediation model. The findings underscore the critical role of social relatedness in explaining how supportive teacher–student interactions enhance academic motivation among neurodivergent learners. Educational interventions that strengthen relational dynamics in inclusive classrooms may foster higher motivation and academic engagement in this population.
Emotion Socialization and Grit as Determinants of Academic Self-Concept in Children with Hearing Impairments(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
منبع:
Psychological Research in Individuals with Exceptional Needs (PRIEN), Vol. ۳ No. ۴ (۲۰۲۴) : Serial Number ۸
37-44
حوزههای تخصصی:
This study aimed to investigate the predictors of academic self-concept in children with hearing impairments, focusing on the roles of emotion socialization and grit. Understanding these relationships can inform interventions to support the academic success and well-being of these children. The study employed a cross-sectional design with a sample of 271 children with hearing impairments, selected based on the Morgan and Krejcie table. Participants were assessed using the Self-Description Questionnaire I for academic self-concept, the Coping with Children's Negative Emotions Scale for emotion socialization, and the Grit Scale. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation to examine bivariate relationships and linear regression to evaluate the predictive power of emotion socialization and grit on academic self-concept, using SPSS-27. Descriptive statistics indicated moderately high levels of academic self-concept (M = 3.45, SD = 0.58), emotion socialization (M = 4.12, SD = 0.73), and grit (M = 3.89, SD = 0.65). Pearson correlation showed significant positive relationships between academic self-concept and both emotion socialization (r = 0.45, p < 0.001) and grit (r = 0.52, p < 0.001). The regression model was significant (F(2, 268) = 76.45, p < 0.001), explaining 36% of the variance in academic self-concept (R² = 0.36). Emotion socialization (B = 0.35, p < 0.001) and grit (B = 0.45, p < 0.001) were significant predictors of academic self-concept. The study found that both emotion socialization and grit are significant predictors of academic self-concept in children with hearing impairments. These findings suggest that interventions aimed at improving emotion socialization practices and fostering grit could enhance the academic self-concept of these children, supporting their academic success and overall well-being.
Empathy and Adaptive Behavior as Predictors of Neurodevelopmental Functioning in Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder
منبع:
Psychological Research in Individuals with Exceptional Needs (PRIEN), Vol. ۱ No. ۳ (۲۰۲۳) : Serial Number ۳
27-34
حوزههای تخصصی:
This study aims to investigate the predictive relationship between empathy, adaptive behavior, and neurodevelopmental functioning in adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Understanding how these factors interplay can inform targeted interventions to enhance the quality of life and developmental outcomes for this population. The study employed a cross-sectional design with a sample of 330 adolescents diagnosed with ASD, aged 12 to 18 years. Participants were assessed using the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, Third Edition (Vineland-3) for neurodevelopmental functioning, the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) for empathy, and the Adaptive Behavior Assessment System, Third Edition (ABAS-3) for adaptive behavior. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and linear regression using SPSS-27. Descriptive statistics revealed mean scores of 85.45 (SD = 15.23) for neurodevelopmental functioning, 52.30 (SD = 8.57) for empathy, and 70.12 (SD = 10.34) for adaptive behavior. Pearson correlation analysis showed significant positive correlations between neurodevelopmental functioning and both empathy (r = .56, p < .001) and adaptive behavior (r = .67, p < .001). The regression analysis indicated that empathy (β = .38, p < .001) and adaptive behavior (β = .52, p < .001) significantly predict neurodevelopmental functioning, explaining 55% of the variance (R² = .55, p < .001). The study findings highlight the significant roles of empathy and adaptive behavior in predicting neurodevelopmental functioning in adolescents with ASD. Interventions focusing on enhancing these areas could positively impact the overall development and daily functioning of individuals with ASD. Future research should utilize longitudinal designs to further explore these relationships and examine the effectiveness of targeted interventions.
آزمون مدل ساختاری عمر ازدواج و ادراک حمایت اجتماعی با انسجام خود مادران کودکان معلول جسمی حرکتی شهر سبزوار: نقش میانجی باورهای مذهبی(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
حوزههای تخصصی:
زمینه و هدف: پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی نقش میانجی گرانه باورهای مذهبی در رابطه عمر ازدواج و حمایت اجتماعی با ان سجام خود در مادران دارای کودک معلول ج سمی حرکتی انجام شد. روش: روش پژوهش حاضر توصیفی و از نوع همبستگی بود. جامعه آماری این پژوهش، شامل تمامی مادران دارای کودک معلول جسمی حرکتی در تیرماه 1401 بود که از بین آنها 200 نفر به عنوان نمونه پژوهش به روش نمونه گیری دردسترس انتخاب شدند. ابزار گردآوری داده ها، فرم کوتاه پرسشنامه انسجام آنتونووسکی ) 1993 (، مقیاس حمایت اجتماعی ادراک شده زیمت، دالم، زیمت و فارلی ) 1988 (، مقیاس باورهای مذهبی خدایاری فرد، فقیهی، غباری بناب، شکوهی یکتا و به پژوه ) 1388 ( و اطلاعات جمعیت شناختی عمر ازدواج بود. نتایج: نتایج آزمون همبستگی پیرسون نشان داد که مؤلفه های حمایت اجتماعی با انسجام خود رابطه معنا داری دارند p-value>0/05( (؛ ولیکن رابطه عمر ازدواج با انسجام خود مادران کودکان معلول معنا دار نبود ) 05 / p-value<0 (؛ نتایج آزمون معادلات ساختاری نشان داد، باورهای مذهبی در رابطه حمایت اجتماعی با انسجام خود نقش میانجی گرانه دارد p-value>0/01( (؛ ولیکن باورهای مذهبی در رابطه عمر ازدواج با انسجام خود نقش میانجی گرانه ندارد ) 05 / .)p-value<0 نتیجه گیری: با استفاده از نتایج پژوهش حاضر اینگونه نتیجه گیری می شود که استفاده از رویکردهای درمانی همچون معنویت درما نی، باور های مذه بی مادران را تقو یت و به بود بخش یده و در نها یت ان سجام خود آ نان ن یز به بود می یا بد.
Enhancing Collaboration Between Schools and Mental Health Services
حوزههای تخصصی:
The intersection of education and mental health is a critical arena that demands robust collaboration between schools and mental health services. The importance of this collaboration cannot be overstated, as schools play a pivotal role in the early identification and intervention of mental health issues among students. This letter aims to highlight the significance of enhancing collaboration between educational institutions and mental health services, drawing on recent research and practical examples to underscore its necessity and potential benefits. Thus, enhancing collaboration between schools and mental health services is essential for addressing the complex mental health needs of students. By adopting collaborative models, empowering school personnel, addressing barriers, building social capital, and implementing reflective practices, schools can create a supportive environment that promotes student well-being. The integration of mental health services within the educational setting not only facilitates early identification and intervention but also ensures that students receive the comprehensive support they need to thrive academically and emotionally. As we continue to explore and implement strategies for effective collaboration, it is imperative that we prioritize the mental health of our students, recognizing that their well-being is fundamental to their overall development and success.
اثربخشی بازی درمانی بر تنظیم هیجان، شایستگی های اجتماعی و تاب آوری در کودکان 6 تا 10 سال با اضطراب اجتماعی(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
حوزههای تخصصی:
هدف: پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی اثربخشی بازی درمانی بر تنظیم هیجان، شایستگی های اجتماعی و تاب آوری در کودکان 6 تا 10 سال با اضطراب اجتماعی انجام شد. روش: این پژوهش نیمه آزمایشی با طرح پیش آزمون و پس آزمون با گروه کنترل است. جامعه آماری شامل تمام کودکان 6 تا10 ساله با اختلال اضطراب اجتماعی مراجعه کننده به مرکز مشاوره کرج در سال 1402-1403 بود که از که از این میان 30 نفر با توجه به مصاحبه بالینی دو روانشناس و نمره برش در پرسشنامه اضطراب اجتماعی لایبویتز (۱۹۸۷) به شیوه نمونه گیری هدفمند انتخاب شدند و به صورت تصادفی در دو گروه آزمایش (15 نفر) و گواه ( ۱۵ نفر) قرار گرفتند. پرسشنامه تنظیم هیجان، شایستگی اجتماعی و تاب آوری برای کودکان اجرا شد. افراد به صورت تصادفی به دو گروه آزمایش و گواه تقسیم شدند و گروه آزمایش ۸ جلسه بازی درمانی آدلری دریافت کرد درحالی که گروه کنترل مداخله خاصی دریافت نکرد. یافته ها : برای تحلیل داده ها از تحلیل کواریانس با اندازه گیری مکرر استفاده شد. بر اساس یافته های این پژوهش، بازی درمانی نقش مؤثری در بهبود تنظیم هیجان، شایستگی های اجتماعی و تاب آوری در کودکان دارای اضطراب اجتماعی دارد. نتیجه گیری: از آن جایی که بازی درمانی بر اساس انعکاس رفتار کودک صورت می گیرد و کودک نسبت به اعمال و رفتار خودآگاه شود، بر بهبود تنظیم هیجان، شایستگی های اجتماعی و تاب آوری کودکان اثربخش است.
ارزیابی نقش میانجی یکپارچگی حسی در رابطه بین مهارت های شناختی و توانایی برقراری ارتباط بین فردی کودکان 5 تا 12 سال با اختلال طیف اُتیسم(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
حوزههای تخصصی:
زمینه و هدف: اختلال طیف اُُتیسم به عنوان نوعی از اختلال عصبی تحولی معرفی می شود که مشخصه های اصلی آن وجود رفتارهای تکراری، علائق محدود و آسیب در تعامل اجتماعی و بین فردی است که این اختلالات می تواند تحت تأثیر عوامل حسی و شناختی قرار گیرد. پژوهش حاضر باهدف ارزیابی نقش میانجی یکپارچگی حسی در رابطه بین مهارت های شناختی و توانایی برقراری ارتباط بین فردی کودکان 5 تا 12 سال با اختلال طیف اُُتیسم انجام شد. روش: روش پژوهش توصیفی و از نوع همبستگی و مدل یابی معادلات ساختاری است. جامعه آماری این پژوهش شامل کودکان 5 تا 12 سال با اختلال طیف اُُتیسم در سال 1402 می باشند. با استفاده از روش نمونه گیری خوشه ای تصادفی تعداد 200 کودک با اختلال طیف اُُتیسم از شهرهای شیراز، رشت، شهریار و کاشان انتخاب شدند و والدین و معلمان آنها به پرسشنامه گارس ) 1994 (، پرسشنامه کارکردهای اجرایی بریف فرم والدین و پرسشنامه پردازش حسی پارهام و همکاران ) 2007 ( پاسخ دادند. به منظور تجزیه وتحلیل اطلاعات از روش مدل یابی معادلات ساختاری با استفاده از نرم افزار لیزرل نسخه 10.20 بهره برده شد. یافته ها: برای الگوی پژوهش مقادیر شاخص های نیکویی برازش شامل شاخص مجذور خی ) 2 (، شاخص مجذور خی بر درجه آزادی، شاخص برازش مقایسه ای، شاخص نیکویی برازش، شاخص نیکویی برازش انطباقی و خطای ریشه مجذور میانگین تقریب به ترتیب برابر با 33 / 157 ، 25 / 2، 98 / 0، 96 / 0، 98 / 0 و 034 / 0 به دست آمد که ارزش عددی مقادیر شاخص های نیکویی برازش الگوی اصلاح شده نشان می دهد که برازش الگوی پیشنهادی با داده ها قابل قبول است. نتایج نشان داد به میزان 75 / 0 از ضریب ساختاری توانایی در برقراری ارتباط بین فردی کودکان با اختلال طیف اُُتیسم به صورت غیرمستقیم توسط مهارت های شناختی و با نقش میانجی یکپارچگی حسی تبیین شده است. همچنین، از بین متغیرهای موجود در مدل تحلیل شده، متغیرهای برونزا بازداری، انتقال توجه، کنترل هیجانی، برنامه ریزی، سازمان دهی مواد، نظارت، حافظه کاری، آغازگری و همچنین یکپارچگی حسی بر متغیر ملاک یعنی توانایی برقراری ارتباط بین فردی دارای اثر معنادار هستند ) 96 / T<1 ( و به ترتیب 33 / y=0/29 ،y=0/12 ،y=0/29 ،y=0/15 ،y=0/17 ،y=0/22 ،y=0/24 ،y=0 و 14 / y= 0 از ضریب مسیر توانایی در برقراری ارتباط بین فردی را به صورت مستقیم تبیین می کنند. نتیجه گیری: باتوجه به نتایج می توان چنین نتیجه گیری کرد که توانایی برقراری ارتباط بین فردی در کودکان با اختلال طیف اُُتیسم به صورت مستقیم توسط مهارت های شناختی و با نقش میانجی یکپارچگی حسی تبیین می شود و می توان درجهت بهبود توانایی برقراری ارتباط بین فردی به نقش بااهمیت یکپارچگی حسی توجه کرد. به عبارتی، متغیر یکپارچگی حسی با تأثیرپذیری مثبت از مهارت های شناختی می تواند باعث بهبود توانایی در برقراری ارتباط بین فردی در کودکان باشد؛ زیرا افرادی که اطلاعات حسی را به خوبی پردازش می کنند، توانایی بیشتری برای شناسایی نشانه های غیرکلامی )مانند حالت چهره، تُُن صدا یا زبان بدن( دارند.
Attachment Patterns in Children with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
حوزههای تخصصی:
This study aimed to explore the attachment patterns in children diagnosed with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) by examining the experiences and perceptions of their primary caregivers. A qualitative research design was employed, utilizing semi-structured interviews with 14 primary caregivers of children diagnosed with FASD. Participants were recruited from specialized clinics and support groups. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, focusing on topics such as the nature of the child-caregiver relationship, caregiver perceptions of the child's attachment behaviors, challenges in the attachment relationship, and strategies used to support attachment. The interviews were transcribed and analyzed thematically, with theoretical saturation achieved when no new themes emerged. Four main themes emerged from the analysis: the nature of the child-caregiver relationship, caregiver perceptions of the child's attachment behaviors, challenges in the attachment relationship, and strategies used by caregivers to support attachment. Caregivers emphasized the importance of emotional bonding, effective communication, physical closeness, and consistent caregiving in fostering secure attachment. They reported a range of attachment behaviors, including both secure and insecure patterns, influenced by the neurodevelopmental impairments associated with FASD. Key challenges included managing emotional outbursts, behavioral issues, and balancing caregiving roles. Caregivers employed various strategies such as therapeutic interventions, establishing routines, positive reinforcement, and emotional coaching to support attachment. The study provides a comprehensive understanding of the attachment patterns in children with FASD, highlighting the critical role of responsive caregiving and the adaptive strategies used by caregivers. The findings underscore the need for targeted interventions and comprehensive support systems to enhance attachment and promote the developmental well-being of children with FASD. Further research is needed to explore the long-term impact of these attachment patterns and the effectiveness of specific interventions.
Enhancing Self-Determination and Working Memory in Individuals with Visual Impairments: Efficacy of Social Skills Training
منبع:
Psychological Research in Individuals with Exceptional Needs (PRIEN), Vol. ۱ No. ۱ (۲۰۲۳) : Serial Number ۱
41-49
حوزههای تخصصی:
This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of social skills training on enhancing self-determination and working memory in individuals with visual impairments. A randomized controlled trial design was used, involving 40 participants with visual impairments, randomly assigned to an intervention group (n = 20) and a control group (n = 20). The intervention group underwent ten 60-minute sessions of social skills training over four months, while the control group received no specific intervention. Self-determination was assessed using the Self-Determination Inventory: Student Report (SDI), and working memory was measured using the Working Memory Questionnaire (WMQ). Data were collected at pre-intervention, post-intervention, and a four-month follow-up. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures and Bonferroni post-hoc tests were conducted using SPSS version 27. Participants in the intervention group showed significant improvements in self-determination from pre-intervention (M = 45.25, SD = 6.34) to post-intervention (M = 58.43, SD = 5.27) and at the four-month follow-up (M = 55.37, SD = 5.82). Similarly, working memory scores improved from pre-intervention (M = 39.18, SD = 7.24) to post-intervention (M = 51.22, SD = 6.05) and were maintained at follow-up (M = 48.76, SD = 6.50). The ANOVA results indicated significant main effects for self-determination (F(2, 76) = 41.52, p < .001, η² = 0.53) and working memory (F(2, 76) = 38.19, p < .001, η² = 0.50), as well as significant time x group interaction effects (self-determination: F(2, 76) = 32.35, p < .001, η² = 0.46; working memory: F(2, 76) = 31.88, p < .001, η² = 0.45). The findings demonstrate that social skills training is significantly effective in enhancing self-determination and working memory in individuals with visual impairments. These improvements were sustained over a four-month follow-up period, suggesting the potential of such interventions to positively impact cognitive and social functioning in this population.
واکاوی مؤلفه های برنامه درسی ریاضی دانش آموزان با آسیب بینایی مبتنی بر رویکرد دانش آموز محور: سنتز پژوهی(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
حوزههای تخصصی:
زمینه و هدف: با توجه به رویکرد دانش آموز محوری در برنامه درسی ریاضی دانش آموزان با آسیب بینایی باید برای فرد فرد دانش آموزان اهداف خاص و منحصر به فردی تدوین تا نیازهای ویژه هر یک از آنها برطرف شود. هدف پژوهش حاضر شناسایی ویژگی مؤلفه های برنامه درسی ریاضی دانش آموزان با آسیب بینایی با رویکرد دانش آموز محور بود. روش: این پژوهش با رویکرد کیفی از نوع سنتزپژوهی انجام شد. منابع مورد مطالعه، شامل پژوهش های علمی معتبر در این زمینه بود که با توجه به جستجوی منظم در پایگاه های اطلاعاتی براساس معیارهای ورودی تعداد 1896 پژوهش علمی شناسایی و در نهایت براساس معیارهای خروجی 23 مقاله جهت تحلیل نهایی انتخاب شد. برای گزارش و ثبت اطلاعات پژوهش های اولیه از سیاهه ی طراحی شده توسط پژوهشگر استفاده شد. با توجه به الگوی شش مرحله ای سنتزپژوهی روبرتس اطلاعات به دست آمده کدگذاری و مورد تجزیه وتحلیل قرار گرفت. یافته ها: ویژگی های مؤلفه های برنامه درسی ریاضی دانش آموزان با آسیب بینایی با رویکرد دانش آموز محور براساس عناصر دهگانه ا کر ارائه شد. نتیجه گیری: نتایج نشان داد که برنامه درسی ریاضی با رویکرد دانش آموز محور برنامه ای مرتبط با نیازها، علایق و توانایی های دانش آموزان با آسیب بینایی است که به تجربیات قبلی مرتبط با زندگی واقعی آنها توجه می کند. در این برنامه درسی؛ مشارکت در یادگیری، داشتن مهارت های لازم معلم در آموزش ویژه برای یادگیری ریاضی و برجسته سازی لمسی دارای اهمیت است.
Nutritional Challenges and Eating Habits in Children with Sensory Processing Disorders(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
منبع:
Psychological Research in Individuals with Exceptional Needs (PRIEN), Vol. ۲ No. ۳ (۲۰۲۴) : Serial Number ۷
29-36
حوزههای تخصصی:
The objective of this study was to explore the nutritional challenges and eating habits of children with Sensory Processing Disorders (SPD) through qualitative analysis. The focus was on identifying specific sensory sensitivities, emotional and behavioral impacts, and effective management strategies to improve nutritional outcomes. This qualitative study involved semi-structured interviews with caregivers of 20 children aged 4-12 years diagnosed with SPD. Participants were recruited from pediatric therapy centers, support groups, and online forums. Data were collected until theoretical saturation was reached. The interviews were transcribed and analyzed using thematic analysis to identify key themes and patterns related to eating behaviors and nutritional challenges. The analysis revealed five main sensory challenges impacting eating habits: texture sensitivity, taste sensitivity, smell sensitivity, visual sensitivity, and temperature sensitivity. Emotional and behavioral impacts included mealtime anxiety, food refusal, and social isolation. Various strategies were employed by parents and professionals to manage these challenges, such as implementing food routines, gradual food exposure, and sensory integration therapy. The study also highlighted nutritional deficiencies and growth concerns associated with restricted diets in children with SPD, as well as success stories where tailored interventions led to improvements in eating habits and overall nutritional status. Children with SPD face significant sensory, emotional, and behavioral challenges that impact their eating habits and nutritional intake. Tailored interventions that address individual sensory profiles and involve a collaborative approach between parents, educators, and healthcare professionals are crucial for managing these challenges effectively. The study underscores the need for ongoing research and practical strategies to support better nutritional outcomes for children with SPD.
Exploring the Influence of Psychological and Spiritual Factors on Job Self-Efficacy in Individuals with Hearing Impairments(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
منبع:
Psychological Research in Individuals with Exceptional Needs (PRIEN), Vol. ۲ No. ۲ (۲۰۲۴) : Serial Number ۶
36-43
حوزههای تخصصی:
This study aimed to investigate the relationships between job self-efficacy, sense of coherence, and spiritual well-being among adults with hearing impairments. Specifically, it sought to determine the extent to which sense of coherence and spiritual well-being predict job self-efficacy in this population. A cross-sectional study design was employed, involving 300 adults with hearing impairments. Participants were recruited from rehabilitation centers, support groups, and online platforms. Data were collected using three standardized instruments: the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE), the Sense of Coherence Scale (SOC-13), and the Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWBS). Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and multiple linear regression analyses were conducted using SPSS-27 to explore the relationships between the variables. The mean job self-efficacy score was 28.56 (SD = 6.43), the mean sense of coherence score was 70.28 (SD = 14.92), and the mean spiritual well-being score was 92.65 (SD = 16.37). Job self-efficacy was significantly correlated with both sense of coherence (r = 0.53, p < 0.01) and spiritual well-being (r = 0.47, p < 0.01). The regression analysis revealed that sense of coherence (β = 0.37, p < 0.001) and spiritual well-being (β = 0.32, p < 0.001) were significant predictors of job self-efficacy, explaining 37% of the variance (F(2, 297) = 87.92, p < 0.001). The study highlights the significant roles of sense of coherence and spiritual well-being in predicting job self-efficacy among adults with hearing impairments. These findings suggest that interventions aimed at enhancing these psychological and spiritual dimensions could effectively support job self-efficacy in this population. Future research should focus on longitudinal studies and explore additional factors that may influence job self-efficacy.
Evaluating the Impact of Reality Therapy on Temperament and Sleep Quality in Adolescents with Learning Disorders: A Randomized Controlled Trial(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
منبع:
Psychological Research in Individuals with Exceptional Needs (PRIEN), Vol. ۳ No. ۴ (۲۰۲۴) : Serial Number ۸
20-28
حوزههای تخصصی:
The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Reality Therapy in improving temperament and sleep quality among adolescents with learning disorders. This randomized controlled trial included 30 adolescents, aged 12 to 18, diagnosed with learning disorders. Participants were randomly assigned to either the intervention group (15 participants) or the control group (15 participants). The intervention group underwent twelve 60-minute sessions of Reality Therapy over a two-month period, while the control group received no therapeutic intervention. Temperament and sleep quality were assessed using the Revised Dimensions of Temperament Survey (DOTS-R) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), respectively, at three time points: pre-intervention, post-intervention, and two-month follow-up. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measurements and the Bonferroni post-hoc test, with SPSS-27 software. The results indicated significant improvements in both temperament and sleep quality in the intervention group compared to the control group. These improvements were sustained at the two-month follow-up. Specifically, the intervention group showed marked improvements in emotional regulation and sleep patterns, highlighting the efficacy of Reality Therapy in addressing these critical aspects of adolescent health. Assumptions for ANOVA were confirmed, ensuring the robustness of the findings. Reality Therapy significantly improves temperament and sleep quality in adolescents with learning disorders, with effects lasting beyond the intervention period. This study supports the use of Reality Therapy as a viable intervention for improving emotional and sleep-related outcomes in this population. Further research with larger sample sizes and extended follow-up periods is recommended to confirm these findings and explore additional benefits.
اثربخشی آموزش اوریگامی (کاغذ تا) بر خودپنداره و مهارت اجتماعی و کمرویی کودکان فلج مغزی دوره اول و دوم ابتدایی(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
حوزههای تخصصی:
هدف: پژوهش حاضر با هدف اثربخشی آموزش اوریگامی بر خودپنداره و مهارت اجتماعی و کمرویی کودکان فلج مغزی دوره اول و دوم ابتدایی بود. روش پژوهش: روش پژوهشی طرح مورد منفرد همراه با پیگیری بود. جامعه آماری این پژوهش شامل کلیه کودکان فلج مغزی ارجاع شده به مرکز خیریه دستان سبز یزدان در سال 1403-1402 در شهر اصفهان بود که 7 نفر به صورت نمونه گیری هدفمند و در دسترس انتخاب شدند. جهت بررسی از پرسشنامه های خودپنداره کودکان پیرز هریس (1969)، مهارت اجتماعی ماتسون (1983) و کمرویی چیک و بریگز (1990) استفاده شد. جهت اندازه گیری خط پایه به مدت 3 جلسه از مراجعین آزمون گرفته شد و در 3 جلسه از جلسات مداخله، متغیرها سنجیده شدند. یک ماه بعد از پایان مداخله، مراجعین یک جلسه تحت آزمون پیگیری قرار گرفتند. داده ها با تحلیل دیداری نمودارها و همچنین با استفاده از /تحلیل درون موقعیتی و بین موقعیتی مورد تجزیه وتحلیل قرار گرفتند. یافته: فرضیه تحقیق مبنی بر اینکه آموزش اوریگامی باعث بهبود خودپنداره، مهارت اجتماعی و کمرویی کودکان فلج مغزی دوره اول و دوم ابتدایی می شود تایید گردید. نتیجه گیری: پیشنهاد می شود مشاوران و... آموزش اوریگامی را جهت بهبود خودپنداره، مهارت اجتماعی و کمرویی کودکان فلج مغزی دوره اول و دوم ابتدایی مورد استفاده قرار دهند.
Predictors of Impulsiveness: The Roles of Sleep Quality and Body Image Dissatisfaction in Physically Disabled Adolescent Girls(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
منبع:
Psychological Research in Individuals with Exceptional Needs (PRIEN), Vol. ۲ No. ۲ (۲۰۲۴) : Serial Number ۶
28-35
حوزههای تخصصی:
This study aimed to examine the relationships between sleep quality, body image dissatisfaction, and impulsiveness in adolescent girls with mild physical disabilities. This cross-sectional study included 186 adolescent girls with mild physical disabilities. Participants were recruited from rehabilitation centers and special schools. Impulsiveness was measured using the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11), sleep quality was assessed with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and body image dissatisfaction was evaluated using the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ). Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated to examine the relationships between the variables. A linear regression analysis was performed to determine the predictive value of sleep quality and body image dissatisfaction on impulsiveness, using SPSS version 27. The mean score for impulsiveness was 55.28 (SD = 10.45), sleep quality was 12.67 (SD = 3.98), and body image dissatisfaction was 87.34 (SD = 15.29). Pearson correlation analysis showed significant positive correlations between impulsiveness and sleep quality (r = 0.45, p < .001), and between impulsiveness and body image dissatisfaction (r = 0.52, p < .001). The regression model indicated that both sleep quality (B = 0.92, p < .001) and body image dissatisfaction (B = 0.25, p < .001) significantly predicted impulsiveness, explaining 37% of the variance (R² = 0.37, F(2, 183) = 53.68, p < .001). Poor sleep quality and high body image dissatisfaction are significant predictors of impulsiveness in adolescent girls with mild physical disabilities. Interventions aimed at improving sleep quality and promoting positive body image may help reduce impulsiveness and enhance overall well-being in this population.