درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Jalaloddin Mohammad Balkhi, known as Molavi, an Iranian mystic poet, who is more known as Rumi in the West, is one of the intellectual and cultural geniuses of Iran and the world. He has shown in his works that he had many concerns and thoughts about epistemology, anthropology, and ontology. He has created works for mental health and inner peace of man, which until today all thinkers and even ordinary people have benefited from these works and have tried to improve mental health and better life in this world. One of the fields that can benefit from Molavi's mystical and wise thoughts reflected in his poems is poetry therapy, which has been read by poetry therapists for years and taught in university groups. Today, therapeutic poetry with its rich history and diverse applications is still a valuable tool in the field of therapeutic interventions and is used to improve mood, reduce stress, increase awareness, and help people manage emotions. In this research, poems by Molavi have been presented, which the author believes can be used in the field of poetry therapy. The method of this research is thematic content analysis and the results show that Molvi's poems are very effective in the field of cognitive and meaning therapy, hope therapy, happiness therapy, positive attitude towards existence, and positive psychology, and finally, it can induce peace, Personal growth and a deeper understanding of oneself and the world, which is similar to cognitive-behavioral therapy in contemporary psychology.

The present essay focuses on the witnessing process of the enlisting poets’ effective responsiveness to the devastations they encountered; the two poets to be studied have been directly or indirectly traumatized by wars. The analytical perspective draws on Dominick LaCapra’s theories on historical trauma. It intends to uncover the traumatic effects of circumstances in post-war poems. The methodological procedure is grounded in the qualitative appraisal of the emotive aspect of the poets’ expressionist representation through critical discourse analysis. Trauma theories influence the research approach in historical and structural science, emphasizing witnessing levels, coined by Dori Laub, as the most significant determinant of the gestalt of interpretations. The poems’ demolished vibe exploits an insight into the amalgamation of historical trauma and its steps towards salvation. The authorial intentionality in war poetry aspires to enlighten human sorrow and redemption by restoring the literary application of the historical, structural, and perpetrator trauma hypothesis. The melioristic agenda for edification via physical and critical phases, such as acting out and working through, coined by LaCapra, foci in the varied poems to be scrutinized, enables the poets’ to maintain their readers’ empathetic identification with their characters’ predicaments in a psychoanalytic context.

The American ecopoet, Mary Oliver (1935 – 2019) has never been read in the light of the concepts the French philosopher, George Bataille (1897 – 1962) introduced into the world of philosophy and literature even though the enterprise could be abundantly rewarding. Bataille poses the question of general economy as opposed to particular economy. The latter is narrow, rational, self-centered and pivoting around gathering and storage, while the former takes the whole sphere of life into account and concentrates on excess of energy, expenditure, universal wisdom which is far broader and more inclusive, sacrifice and permanence of the sum total of energy available in the living sphere as well as that of the living matter. Oliver, the poet, uses none of the philosopher’s terms, but the scenes she describes in her own poetic style and the language and discourse she uses concerning death reveal the same position and point of view as those of Bataille. That is the gap the present qualitative, library-based study tries to cover at least partially and in particular with regard to the question of death which with the help of an Oliverian stance and in the light of such Bataillean concepts as general economy, excess and expenditure, can turn into a moment of rebirth, vital to the health and a proper functioning of the whole universal system. This two-fold approach will hopefully contribute to both Oliver studies and to the body of research, done on Bataille.