درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

The expansion and growth of cities is a remarkable phenomenon in urban planning literature, so that unpredictable developments have become more evident in recent decades, especially in cities that have undergone changes in their physical structure following the promotion of their political role. The present paper seeks to identify the factors driving growth in the developed areas of Ardebil city and extract basic factors and variables by investigating development of Ardebil. In this study, 27 variables have been tested in 920 expansion blocks during the years 1996 to 2011 using GIS and factor analysis. Four main groups including congestion factor, external factor, access factor and facilities are identified as driving forces of growth. The final combination of four factors in the Arc GIS environment show that the north, east and south east blocks of Ardebil had a higher score than the other blocks; in other words, these factors have the most effect on the growth of these areas. In addition, the Southwest blocks with the lowest score of between 0 and 2 have had the least impact from among the factors mentioned.

In new issues of durable architecture, it is tried to decrease negative effects of new architecture on environment. What is perfectly obvious is making the elements homogenous to their climatic function which was the art of our antecedents. Implementing the windward construction technique, our antecedents have well used the raw and uncontrolled flows of wind. They handled the wind and made it mild, remove the dust and created mild air-conditioning which represents the past environmental stability of Iranian architecture. Using the windward had been conventional in Iran since many years ago. Without any dependence on any kind of energy and without exploiting establishment appliances, it provides the coldness of residential places. This is the same issue on creating stability in environments where humans live in. In this research, the capabilities and limitations to use windward in salt desert's cities of Iran during today's age in were assessed to achieve some criteria quantitatively and qualitatively to enhance the windward and to provide the necessary ground for more efficient use of it. This research is of descriptive- analytical kind. Statistical population of this research includes university professors and architecture authorities in Iran. 30 persons of them were questioned directly. After survey data collection through the questionnaire, the relationships between research variables were tested by implementing swot technique. The obtained results suggest a windward in order to solve the weaknesses of previous air traps parallel to today's need. It indicates that giving the efficiency again to the windward’s by creating some changes in it proportional to today's need of users and in order to enhance its efficiency, provides the conditions to achieve some parts of a sustainable architecture.

Organization of living environment is possible through a clear definition of private and public arenas and determination of a spatial hierarchy. Such defined arenas increase the sense of belonging to the environment which personalizes residential environments. Enclosure is among the quantities that play a significant role in defining the spaces. In fact, enclosure is the factor that defines a space as a ground for occurrence of other events. Enclosure is an individual subjective ground to define the space and the primary factor in conversion of space into place. One of the basic functions of a house is to determine a territory. This paper considers the concept of territory as an effective factor on the quality of the relationship between the human and his residential environment and investigates the effect of enclosure on this territory. Two residential areas including a part of Haft-Hoz neighborhood and Shahrak-e Gharb (West Town) were selected as the sample of the test. The effects of enclosure factor on the concept of territory were analyzed in common residential complexes. A qualitative research method was applied and questionnaire was used as the scientific method. According to the belief that the relationship between human and the environment depends on many different factors, this paper investigates and analyzes the concept of territory and spatial enclosure as one of the effective factors on the quality of the relationship between human and residential environment in the mentioned neighborhoods.

 Space perception is the firs t s tep towards recognizing and communicating with the environment. Despite similar perception sys tems in human beings, the perception of surroundings is different from person to person. Therefore, different perceptions of similar objective spaces can result from several factors, and only one influential factor cannot determine the perceived subject. This s tudy seeks to identify cognitive aspects of different areas of the elderly perception in architecture and determine the cognitive characteris tics of independent elderly residents in Shahrak-e-Gharb of Tehran to obtain primary data and their perceptual, cognitive characteris tics using cognitive maps. This is a theoretical-applied s tudy with a qualitative-quantitative method. The library method was used for data collection, field observation to measure the s tatus quo, and interview and cognitive maps technique to collect research data. The sample size of 38 persons was calculated using the Cochran formula. According to the findings, the average perceived cognitive paths of the men group were higher than that of women, and the average perceived cognitive places of the women group were higher than that of men. Aging and length of residence do not affect the number of perceived elements.  As aging occurs, the number of perceived places decreases, and the number of perceived paths increases. Mos t recognized spaces in cognitive maps represent a place for people's memories. So, cognitive spaces should be improved before the cognitive abilities of the elderly decline.

A large number of studies show that uncontrolled and unplanned spatial and functional developments in old central districts of large and medium-sized Iranian cities in past few decades have resulted in many unpleasant transformations. Thus, the historic urban fabrics have gradually lost their socio-economic livability and quality and this issue has led to urban distress, blight and deterioration. The main objective of this research is to evaluate quality of historical neighborhood of zone eight of Shiraz metropolis municipality [Old CBD] according to set criteria based on New Urbanism Approach and Principles. This is applied research with descriptive – analytical methodology, using a hybrid AHP – TOPSSIS analysis methodology. By ranking these historical districts according to their current quality and capacity, we can determine best cases for development with the low intervention level strategy. The results of multi criteria analysis indicate that among the twelve districts in the historical fabric of Shiraz, Sang-e-Siyah, Mordestan and Meydan-e-Shah are the three best cases for development regarding the potentials and capacity and qualities in historical fabric of Shiraz.

The aim of this paper is to explore conventional methods of teaching the arch-design studio with ideas of sustainability and creativity as agents of change. If this is realised, it means the students of architecture can be grounded in designing with sustainability and creativity ideas and can be professionals that design and build with ideas of creativity and sustainability. So, there are real buildings and places that satisfy our clients, the society and in harmony with the environment. The objectives are to know those and what it takes to participate and to explain and recommend the methods in teaching the arch-design studio. Stakeholders of architectural education have observed that the architectural design studio teaching is failing to meet the yearnings and needs of the users, societies, cultures, environments and technological developments and for solution have strongly argued for sustainability and creativity as a combined force of teaching the arch-design studio. Although there are similarities in the curricula of training architects all over the world, but educators go about it in their own convenient and suitable ways and styles and the ideas of sustainability and creativity are not taken seriously and also not formally incorporated in the curricula of training. These stakeholders say that something has to be done to improve the ways and methods of training architects, especially the teaching of the arch-design studio. The study finds collaboration of the academics and practicing architects, integrated team work of inter/multi-disciplinary and selection criteria in teaching the methods of ideas relating to sustainability and creativity in the arch-design studio.