درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Considering the goals of sustainable development, numerous studies and research have been conducted in the field of supply chain sustainability. While some articles have addressed the social sustainability dimensions of the supply chain, there is a lack of integrated and comprehensive models to assess the performance of these chains in social sustainability dimensions, especially concerning decent work criteria. The present research aims to design a model for the maturity of decent work in the sustainable pharmaceutical supply chain. This research is an applied study from the perspective of objectives and descriptive research methodologically. The research population in the qualitative section consisted of experienced experts in the field of supply chain and decent work, and for this purpose, 15 individuals were selected and interviewed. After designing the initial model, in the qualitative section and initial screening of dimensions and components, 84 concepts remained in the model.

Timurid coins serve as a mirror reflecting the significant economic and political events of the era, and their study can provide deeper insights into the economic and social dynamics of the Timurid period. This research examines the Timurid coins housed in the Museum of Bu-Ali Sina Mausoleum using X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. A specialized review of the initial results obtained from XRF spectroscopy, particularly in numismatic studies, holds significant importance and can be a fundamental step toward reducing errors and enhancing precision in interdisciplinary analyses. XRF technology, as a non-destructive method, enables precise examination of the chemical composition and identification of elements present in coins. However, without meticulous monitoring and comprehensive reevaluation of the obtained results, misinterpretations and uncertainty in historical analyses may arise. The research questions focus on the value of reinterpreting and analyzing XRF spectroscopy data and their role in identifying counterfeit coins and understanding economic and cultural characteristics in numismatic studies. The central hypothesis of the study posits that raw XRF spectroscopy data do not provide accurate results, and in-depth analysis by experts is required for a precise examination of coins. This research also highlights the importance of detailed spectrum analysis, technical challenges in data interpretation, and the use of interdisciplinary approaches to enhance the accuracy of results. The findings reveal that a more profound reinterpretation of XRF spectroscopy data significantly contributes to better understanding the chemical composition of coins and preserving cultural heritage treasures. It also provides deeper insights into the economic policies and activities of the Timurid period.

Exploring the disciplinary interface between English for specific purposes (ESP) and World Englishes (WEs), regarding the potential contributions of both disciplines to research on areas of shared interest, including TEFL and ESP Teachers’ attitudes are the center of current study. This investigation examines Iranian EFL and ESP teachers’ views on integrating WEs into ESP classes and assesses the English-speaking needs of ESP students. The study comprised 32 TEFL, 17 EFL, and 15 ESP teachers (16 male and 16 female, aged 30–67), using a sequential explanatory mixed-methods approach with quantitative questionnaires. Analysis of the data showed that subjects in both groups largely held remarkably positive views on WEs and felt ESP teaching should align with student objectives. More than two-thirds of participants disliked the current ESP syllabuses; however, only ESP teachers were unhappy with the teaching methods, cultural content, and textbook. The participants also showed complete dissatisfaction with their ESP students’ speaking abilities. It can be inferred that ESP course does not fully prepare the students to embark on their studies because it does not sufficiently consider learners’ speaking needs

Objective: The purpose of this study was to explore the attitudes towards childbearing among working women without children in Golpayegan city. Methods:  This study used a qualitative approach and the grounded theory method. The study population was childless working women in Golpayegan city with public and private jobs in 2022 -23. Data were collected using a semi-structured interview and analyzed using Strauss & Corbin’s three-stage method. Results: Findings revealed that 87 primary codes were obtained based on the analysis of the interviews through open coding. After axial coding, 24 themes were extracted, which were summarized in the following 11 central categories after selective coding: reluctance to childbearing, marital problems, economic problems, lack of public and social facilities, organizational and occupational problems, personal problems, cultural and environmental barriers, nuclear family system, replacement, suppression, and being used to a childless life. Conclusion: According to the current research findings, women’s attitude towards childbearing is influenced by many intrapersonal and interpersonal factors. Therefore, to strengthen the attitude towards childbearing among working women, paying attention to all these factors in educational and support programs is necessary.

Teachers' and students’ perceptions play a crucial role in textbook evaluation. This paper examines English teachers' and students' perception of sociolinguistic features of Vision text books at senior high schools in Iran. To do so 5 male English teachers from various provinces of Iran, namely: Ilam, Lorestan, Kermanshah and Khouzestan, with an age range between 25 and 44, with 4 to 20 years experience and with a variety of academic degrees (1 PhD, 2 masters, 2 bachelors) were chosen to participate in the study, along with 5 high school students (1 grade 10, 2 grade 11 and 2 grade 12). The semi-structured interview consisted of 7 items, used to obtain participants' perceptions regarding textbook sociolinguistic features. An inductive and deductive thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. The target culture, gender and religion were represented in the deductive phase of analysis, and new themes emerged from the data in the inductive phase, including representation of races and ethnicities, dress codes, and traditions and customs. According to the findings, the majority of teachers and students believe that newly published EFL textbooks do not provide opportunities for students to improve their communicative competence and cultural awareness in the target language. Furthermore, they believed that male characters dominated the Vision series' texts and illustrations and Islamic ideology was dominant in the Vision series. Teachers, students, and ELT administrators, as well as textbook designers and materials creators, may benefit from the results of this study.

The present study aimed to determine the fit of the predictive model of suicidal ideation based on early maladaptive schemas mediated by difficulty in emotion regulation in teachers. This study is an applied study in terms of its purpose and a descriptive correlational study in terms of its method, which was conducted using structural equation modeling. The statistical population consists of all teachers working in schools in Tehran during the spring of 2025, from which 320 people were selected using the available sampling method. The research instruments included the Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation (1979); the Emotion Regulation Difficulties Scale by Gratz & Roemer (2004) and the Young Schema Questionnaire-short form (1998). Data analysis was performed using structural equation modeling. The results showed that the predictive model of suicidal ideation based on early maladaptive schemas mediated by difficulty in emotion regulation in teachers fits the collected data. Suicidal ideation is predicted based on early maladaptive schemas in teachers (P=0.001, β=0.400). Suicidal ideation is predicted based on difficulty in emotion regulation in teachers (P=0.001, β=0.378).