درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Objective: This study aims to explore the sociological factors, contextual conditions, structural factors, and social pressures contributing to emotional divorce in Tehran. Method: The study employs a qualitative approach using a sequential exploratory design and grounded theory strategy. A purposive sample of 21 individuals, aged 25-40, with at least a bachelor's degree in psychology, sociology, or related fields, participated in semi-structured interviews. Data were analyzed using open coding and axial coding processes to identify key structures and indices related to emotional divorce. The participants included university lecturers, teachers, housewives, and private sector employees, ensuring a diverse representation of educated individuals with relevant expertise. Findings: The results indicate that attitudes and values, social and cultural pressure, and social changes are significant causal factors in the occurrence of emotional divorce. Key phenomena identified include changes in emotional relationships, lack of emotional behavior towards the spouse, emotional void, and compulsory living. Contextual conditions such as changes in culture, values, economic conditions, and types of social interactions were influential. Structural factors identified include policies and laws, and social roles. Social pressures, including peer pressure, family opinions, and media influence, were crucial intervening factors. An educational approach was identified as an effective strategy for preventing and managing emotional divorce. Conclusion: Emotional divorce, while not always visible, significantly impacts individuals and society. Understanding its sociological aspects and underlying causes is essential for developing effective prevention and management strategies. Educational programs aimed at improving emotional relationships, communication skills, and stress management can mitigate the negative impacts. Policymakers can use these insights to formulate supportive policies and laws. Further research is needed to generalize findings and explore the impact of emotional divorce on children and other regions.

Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of an integrated intervention combining mentalization and the training package for building a secure bond on attachment styles in spouses with insecure attachment styles. Method: This quasi-experimental study employed a pretest-posttest design with a control group and a two-month follow-up. The statistical population consisted of couples who had sought services from counseling and psychology centers in northern Tehran under the supervision of the Iranian Organization of Psychology and Counseling in 2022 and who were in the first five years of their marital life. Based on the inclusion criteria, 24 couples with insecure attachment styles were identified and randomly assigned to either the experimental or control group. The intervention was implemented over 12 sessions, with weekly two-hour training sessions for the experimental group. Data were collected using the Attachment Styles Questionnaire (Bartholomew & Horowitz, 1991). The data were analyzed using mixed ANOVA with one within-subject factor (time) and one between-subject factor (experimental and control groups), Bonferroni post hoc test, and SPSS software version 25. Findings: The findings of this study indicated that the integrated intervention of mentalization and the training package for building a secure bond had a significant and positive effect on the attachment styles of couples (p < .01), and the effects were sustained after a two-month follow-up. Conclusion: Based on the obtained results, couples' therapists can use the integrated intervention of mentalization and building a secure bond to optimize attachment styles in couples with insecure attachment styles who are in the early years of their marital life.

In the aftermath of conflict, the role of translation extends into the realm of conflict resolution. This study examines how translation prefaces address conflict resolution in the context of post-revolutionary Iran following the Iran-Iraq War, focusing on the resolution strategies employed. To achieve this, criterion sampling was used to select three English books on the Iran-Iraq War, originally written from Iraqi or Other perspectives and translated into Persian by Marz-o-Boom Publications. Data were collected from the prefaces of these translations, emphasizing their treatment of the war and the contentious themes in the source texts. Using Salama-Carr’s (2007) and Webne Behrman’s (1998) definitions of conflict, conflict cases were identified and categorized based on Thomas and Kilmann’s (1974) conflict resolution model. The findings indicate that the competing strategy was predominantly employed (44.4%–54.6%), reflecting strong assertiveness in promoting Iranian state perspectives. The compromising strategy was used to a moderate extent (18.6%–34.4%), indicating some engagement in negotiation, while the collaborating strategy ranged from 18.1% to 33.4%, reflecting fluctuating openness to diverse viewpoints. The accommodating strategy appeared only once (2.3%), highlighting a reluctance to embrace alternative perspectives, while the avoiding strategy was entirely absent, suggesting a deliberate effort to confront the complexities of the conflict. Overall, the findings reveal a pattern of using collaboration within a competitive framework as a nuanced approach to conflict resolution in sensitive translation contexts. This strategy demonstrates a strong commitment to constructive dialogue, enriches the discourse on the conflict, and enhances readers’ understanding of its multifaceted nature.

امروزه اگر رفتار و اخلاق کارکنان نامناسب، منفی و انحرافی باشد، برای شرکت های معتبر به لحاظ اقتصادی، اعتباری و همچنین سلامت درون سازمانی تهدیدزا خواهد بود و این تهدید زمانی که شرکت مورد نظر دولتی باشد و در یک بازار به شدت رقابتی فعالیت کند، چندین برابر می گردد؛ بنابراین هدف مقاله، تعیین اقدامات اولویت دار برای مدیریت رفتارهای انحرافی و خلاف اخلاق حرفه ای به منظور ارتقای ارزش و جایگاه برند بیمهٔ ایران به عنوان یک بنگاه اقتصادی و خدمت رسانِ دولتی در صنعت رقابتی بیمه در نظر گرفته شد. مقاله حاضر به لحاظ هدف کاربردی و از نظر گردآوری داده ها، ترکیبی است. در این مقاله، ابتدا به روش کیفی فراترکیب، 51 اقدام مختلف برای مدیریت رفتارهای انحرافی و خلاف اخلاق حرفه ای احصا شد؛ در بخش میدانی به منظور تعیین اقدامات اساسی از بین اقدامات شمارش شده، فرم های نظرسنجی بین 30 نفر از مدیران ارشد بیمه ایران در سه استان شمالی گیلان، مازندران و گلستان، به نسبت مساوی توزیع شد. پس از گردآوری داده ها و تحلیل آنها با تکنیک دلفی-فازی و پس از رسیدن به اجماع طی 2 مرحله رفت و برگشت، 39 اقدام نهایی تعیین گردیده و به روش تحلیل مضمون در چهار دستهٔ اقدام ساختاری و سازمانی، بهبود وضعیت شغلی، مدیریتی و اجتماعی، فرهنگی و ارزشی کدگذاری شدند. در گام بعد، برای اولویت بندی اقدامات با توجه به معیارهای مالی و غیرمالیِ ارزش و جایگاه برند از روش فرایند تحلیل سلسله مراتبی استفاده شد و پرسشنامه ای تخصصی حاوی 6 ماتریس مقایسات زوجی طراحی و بین 12 خبرهٔ بیمهٔ استان های شمالی به نسبت مساوی توزیع گردید. پس از گردآوری و تحلیل داده ها به کمک نرم افزار Expert  Choice نتایج به دست آمده نشان داد که اقدامات بهبود ساختاری و سازمانی اولویت دارترین اقدام نسبت به هدف است.

The sense of success or failure is contingent on an individual's attitude toward themselves and their circumstances. One of the primary reasons for feelings of failure is comparing oneself to others without considering distinguishing factors. Happiness is a subjective concept and is primarily achieved through focusing on one's own possessions. In the Quranic culture, God advises humans to perceive the blessings and divine favors bestowed upon them. Undoubtedly, recognizing successes and opportunities fosters a sense of achievement. Accordingly, this research, employing a descriptive-analytical approach and content analysis, seeks to identify the relationship between recognizing blessings and mental well-being. The findings indicate that appreciating blessings and reinforcing this perception facilitates the attainment of serenity, which is a key component of mental health. Factors such as contemplation and reasoning, lack of sadness, self-esteem, an elevated lifestyle, realistic perspectives, absence of pride, and being devoted to remembrance are impacts of recognizing blessings on mental well-being.