درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Iran’s Law on International Commercial Arbitration (LICA), inspired by the UNCITRAL Model Law on International Arbitration, was enacted in 1997 with the aim of modernizing the country’s approach to international commercial disputes. Employing a descriptive- analytical methodology, this paper analyzes LICA’s strengths and weaknesses with a focus on the Iranian Constitution which- as the country’s Supreme Law - has seemingly eclipsed the arbitration process. Specifically, this research zeroes in on the potential conflict between Article 139 of the Constitution, which mandates parliamentary approval for foreign disputes involving state assets, and the inherently expeditious nature of arbitration. This study argues that these constitutional formalities - while safeguarding national interests - should be reduced as they may hamper the efficiency and expeditiousness typically associated with arbitration. The author proposes that - as arbitration is intertwined with less formality - the Guardian Council can invoke its constitutional powers to curtail these formalities and create an environment conducive to a standard arbitration process. This analysis maintains that the Iranian Constitution does not necessarily supersede arbitration provisions, and proposes that the Council has the authority to streamline arbitral procedures within the legal framework of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

Existing studies indicate that the processes of urban growth and decline are not a new phenomenon, because cities have always been growing in one period and declining in another throughout history. What is clear is that the deterioration of the urban fabric arises from within the fabric itself, and any newly built fabric can have the roots of deterioration and incompatibility from the very begining. The historical fabric of Yazd is not far from these changes and developments and has been affected by them. Therefore, it is essential to understand the historical fabric of the city. Therefore, the importance and necessity of solutions that will keep the historical fabric of Yazd away from the deterioration and withering of social, economic, etc. activities is becoming more and more apparent. The purpose of this research is to investigate and identify the most important factors affecting urban decline in the neighborhoods of the historical fabric of Yazd. The type of applied research and its method are descriptive. The research data includes theoretical data as well as survey data with a statistical sample consisting of 400 questionnaires distributed and completed among citizens living in the historical urban fabric neighborhoods. The data analysis is done using factor analysis and regression coefficient. the results of the research from factor analysis indicate that the factors of physical quality of neighborhoods with a specific value of 18.12 percent, social characteristics of neighborhoods with a specific value of 14.25.