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The present paper intends to study Kazuo Ishiguro’s Never Let Me Go from the perspective of Cyborgian concepts of hybridized subjectivity, speed, metamorphic becoming, bio-narrative and bio-discourse, which intersect with cyborg biotechnology to create the bio-capital characters. Ishiguro portrays the non-unitary bio-subjectivities along with challenges of clones through tracing the main character’s memories. The Cyborgian theories of Donna Haraway, Paul Virilio and Rosi Braidotti are mainly used to analyze the genetic organs of the selected novel in bio-discourse. Cyborg biotechnology drains its bio-power, merges borderlines between the conventional polarities, de-politicizes it by destroying inequality in a natural history of transhumanism and, ultimately, makes hybridized privileged – unprivileged subjectivity. Cyborg bio-capital body is a kind of genetically modified object with a shifted boundary; a bio-semiotic body, not the human physiological body. In the novel, this study explores that cyborgian bio-capital subjectivity is the imitation of the original one due to three reasons: first, it has lost its human uniqueness; second, its self-automation is changed into a possible being; and, finally, its biological facet has constructed the equal bio-subjects. A cyborgian bio-capital subject is partly organ and partly machine in the cyborg biotechnology. The thematic features of Ishiguro’s novel as the quintessence of cyborg bio-narrative, including nomadic bio-subjectivity, development of fabricated trans-subjects, bio-animals, trans-genetic organisms, decentered subject, bio-molecule and mechanical body, are the focal points of analysis in this study.

Background: The growth of the number of connected devices and the extent of Internet of Things (IoT) integration has led to new and emerging needs such as the management of big data, real-time reaction, efficient bandwidth utilization, and security considerations. Due to the intrinsic latency, network load and argue of scalability, standard cloud computing models do not suffice these requirements. In response to this, edge computing the function of analyzing data closer to its source hence leading to performance gains. Objective: This article explores the impact of incorporating edge computing in the optimization of IoT systems specifically in aspects like latency minimization, bandwidth utilization, security, processing capability, flexibility in expansion, and data reliability. Methods: A combined computational model was used to mimic edge and cloud platforms. Performance metrics were evaluated under three primary IoT scenarios: traffic management of smart cities, industrial applications, and health care management applications. Regression models and confidence intervals also provided general support to the findings. Results: The findings showed edge computing to be a more effective substitute for cloud-based systems; proving that latency can be reduced by 82%, and data bandwidth by 65-68%. Perennial threats including interception of data were cut by 50-66% while processing was done at 73% higher efficiency. Other criteria such as scalability and data consistency also pointed out the application of edge computing for resilience in more extensive IoT environment. Conclusion: Essentially, edge computing helps overcome limitations of cloud-based IoT systems, and is therefore imperative to real-time, secure, and scalable IoT. Future work should consider the integration of hybrid edge-cloud models, self-healing schemes, and more robust rigorous security solutions in order to fine-tune its applicability.

Composition contracts are of great importance in international legal systems and are consideredto be an important tool for solving financial problems, as they contribute significantly toeconomic prosperity by preventing the complete dissolution of economic units. Therefore, acomparative study of composition contracts in different legal systems such as Iran, the UnitedStates and the United Kingdom can contribute significantly to the reform of commercial lawsand regulations in this field. Accordingly, the main purpose of the present study is to examinethe economic policies and challenges in composition contracts and their application in the legalsystems of Iran, the United States and the United Kingdom. The main question of the presentstudy is: “What are the main challenges of composition contracts in the legal systems of Iran,the United States and the United Kingdom?” In response, it can be hypothesized that the majorchallenge in the US and Iranian systems seems to be debt security, while in the UK, creditrestoration is considered a major challenge. The research findings indicate that in all threecountries, from a policy perspective, composition  agreements play a vital role in resolvingdebts and rebuilding the financial situation of debtors, but each of these countries faces its ownchallenges. In Iran, there are problems such as lack of transparency in assets and resistance fromsome creditors. In the US, challenges such as legal complexities and problems related to creditorcooperation are present. Despite having a modern legal framework, the UK also faces issuessuch as administrative complexities and the economic impacts of composition agreements.Given the problems in all three systems, it is suggested that policy and legal reforms be carriedout to facilitate the process of composition agreements in all three countries. This study uses adescriptive-analytical method and a comparative approach. Legal documents from Iran, the US,and England have been analyzed using library resources.