درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

بدون شک، اخلاق دینی یکی از مهم ترین مؤلفه های حیات انسانی است که بدون آن، جامعه بشری هویت حقیقی خود را از دست خواهد داد، اما امروزه نقد اخلاق دینی و تلاش برای کنار زدن گزاره های اخلاقی برآمده  از دین، دستمایه بسیاری از مخالفان دین و سردمداران الحاد  برای اثبات برتری اخلاق سکولار بر اخلاق دینی و حتی توجیه الحاد قرار گرفته است. جی. ال. مکی، فیلسوف خداناباور، از جمله کسانی است که با این هدف به نقد  اخلاق دینی پرداخته است؛  در این مقاله  به برررسی  آراء او در این زمینه می پردازیم. بر پایه یافته های این مقاله که به روش توصیفی تحلیلی به نگارش درآمده است،  اشکالات مکی تا حدودی بر پیش فرض های نظری او درباب خدا مبتنی است. علاوه بر این، نقدهای او بیش از آن که متوجه اخلاق دینی باشد متوجه گزاره های اخلاقی اصحاب کلیسا است. اخلاق اسلامی به عنوان نمونه کاملی از اخلاق دینی، به خوبی قادر است تمام اشکالات  مکی را پاسخ دهد.

One of the most significant breakthroughs in technology is the evolution of computing sciences and cybernetics. This development has had a global impact, with the widespread use of computer sciences leading to worldwide issues. In the third wave, time and place have become intertwined, eliminating the effects of distance and creating a new version of space. These characteristics have transformed the geography of virtual space into the geopolitics of virtual space. The findings of this analytical article, conducted using a library method and the strategy of cyberspace geography studies, suggest that the geography of virtual space is an emerging academic topic. When the geography of cyberspace addresses inequality in cyberspace security, it becomes a geopolitical issue. The paper explores how cybernetics is changing traditional notions of power, sovereignty, and conflict. The research also considers the implications of emerging technologies on global governance, the balance of power, and the potential for new forms of cyber-hegemony, concluding with recommendations for future policy and strategic considerations in this rapidly evolving field.

This study aims to investigate the relationship between cognitive failures, sense of coherence, and academic resilience in children with speech impairments. The objective is to determine how cognitive and psychological factors predict resilience in this population. A cross-sectional design was employed, involving 376 children with speech impairments, aged 8 to 12 years. Participants were recruited from special education centers and mainstream schools. Academic resilience, cognitive failures, and sense of coherence were measured using the Academic Resilience Scale (ARS-30), Cognitive Failures Questionnaire (CFQ), and Sense of Coherence Scale (SOC-29), respectively. Pearson correlation analysis examined the relationships between variables, and linear regression analysis determined the predictive value of cognitive failures and sense of coherence on academic resilience. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 27. Descriptive statistics indicated moderate levels of academic resilience (M = 78.45, SD = 11.32) among participants. Cognitive failures (M = 43.29, SD = 9.87) negatively correlated with academic resilience (r = -0.56, p < .001), while sense of coherence (M = 65.14, SD = 10.45) positively correlated (r = 0.63, p < .001). The regression model was significant (F(2, 373) = 173.27, p < .001), explaining 48% of the variance in academic resilience (R² = 0.48). Cognitive failures (B = -0.45, p < .001) and sense of coherence (B = 0.59, p < .001) were significant predictors of academic resilience. The findings underscore the significant roles of cognitive failures and sense of coherence in predicting academic resilience in children with speech impairments. Interventions targeting cognitive improvement and psychological support can enhance resilience, thereby promoting better academic outcomes. Future research should explore longitudinal trajectories and the effectiveness of specific interventions to further support these children.