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Climate change and infectious diseases have emerged as two of the most significant challenges facing the world and its economic systems today. Recent studies have increasingly focused on understanding how phenomena such as the COVID-19 pandemic and the climate change crisis—including rising greenhouse gas emissions and uncertainties in climate policy—affect macroeconomic variables and capital markets. Many experts assert that climate change poses a serious threat to human civilization. In light of these pressing concerns, this paper examines the impact of Climate Policy Uncertainty (CPU) and Infectious Disease Risk (IDR) on the Islamic Dow Jones Index (IDJ). To achieve this, the study utilizes monthly data spanning from January 2016 to March 2021 and employs a Structural Vector Autoregressive (SVAR) model. Additionally, Contour Plot graphs are applied to estimate the interaction effects on the IDJ. The findings reveal contrasting impacts of the CPU and IDR indices on the IDJ. Specifically, an increase in the CPU index leads to higher utilization of the Earth's resources for producing goods and services by companies included in the index, resulting in a positive effect. Conversely, a rise in the IDR index exacerbates economic recession, thereby causing a decline in the IDJ.

Background: The conceptualization of Moroccan cyberspace is intrinsically linked to the country's international and regional dynamics, in particular those of its African and Mediterranean neighborhood.Methodology: we have mobilized quantitative techniques and potential comparative analysis to address our crucial research questions around the strengths and weaknesses within Morocco's national cyber strategy by analyzing and comparing them with other international experiences, and finally recommending best practices to maintain the regional leadership position.Discussion: Although Morocco has acquired considerable expertise in comparison with this environment, regarding proven mechanisms of cyber stability, and the institutionalization and organization of national cyber security. However, one of the main obstacles lies in the centralization of these practices by the State, as well as in the sectorial and selective approach chosen by Moroccan policymakers to secure the national cyber space. This strategy, contrary to the country's principles of openness, was developed on the basis of the arguments, based on the priorities and strategic challenges specific to each sector.Aims: We open up our local experience to comparison with other known global experiences in the field of national cybersecurity, to decipher the strengths and weaknesses of national digital strategies and to fill the gaps causing the weakening of our replicating processes.Conclusion: The question is whether a simple reform of the central state's public policies on national cybersecurity is effective or, on the contrary, the situation requires a drastic and broader intervention, materialized by major investments and structural reforms in entire development strategies.

مقدمه: از سده های اولیه اسلامی، محراب به تدریج جزء اصلی و از عناصر غیرقابل حذف مساجد گردید. محراب فرورفتگی جانب قبله است که با مصالح متنوعی ساخته شده و مورد توجه شاعران در توصیف درجات عالی عرفان بوده است. چوب یکی از نادرترین موادی است که در ساخت محراب مورد توجه معماران اسلامی بود. بررسی ها نشان می دهد تعداد ۱۲ محراب چوبی در گستره سرزمین های اسلامی شناخته شده است. این مقاله با قیاس و تحلیل فنی کیفیت ساخت محراب های چوبی، به دنبال پاسخ این سوال است که تمایزات و اشتراکات محراب های چوبی از نظر تزئین، شکل کلی و فنون یا روش های ساخت و تزئین چگونه بوده است؟روش پژوهش: پژوهش از نوع بنیادی و از نظر رویکرد کیفی بوده و با روش توصیفی- تطبیقی اطلاعات مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. انتخاب نمونه ها به صورت هدف مند و بر مبنای متریال چوب بوده است. بازه زمانی پژوهش نیز از قرن ۴ تا ۱۰ هجری قمری است.یافته ها: نکته قابل تأمل درباره محراب های چوبی، تاریخ یا دوره ساخت آن هاست که صرفاً در فاصله قرون ۵ تا ۸ هجری قمری به صورت پیوسته ساخته شده است. از نظر تکنیکی دو رویکرد ساخت و ساز اصلی قابل تشخیص هستند. در نوع اول تزئینات و نقوش علاوه بر فضاهای میان چارچوب ها، بر روی خود چارچوب ها مستقیمأ حفر شده اند و چارچوب از چشم ببینده پنهان نیست. در نوع دوم، چارچوب اصلی در پشت قطعات و پانل های مجزای تزئیناتی پنهان شده است که ساختار تزئینی و بصری محراب را شکل می دادند. همچنین در تزئین آن ها، فراونی نقوش کتیبه ای و هندسی، غالب بر نقوش گیاهی است.نتیجه گیری: محراب ها هر چه از هسته جغرافیایی سرزمین های اسلامی دورتر می شود، بخش های بزرگتری از سطوح آن ها با کتیبه های قرآنی به عنوان ملموس ترین عنصر تجسم دین اسلام اشغال می شود. بدین ترتیب که در سرزمین مصر یا سوریه که از اولین سرزمین های فتح شده توسط مسلمانان بود، مضاف بر انتزاعی تر شدن نقوش، آیات قرآن در ترکیب بندی کلی سهم کمتری در تزئین سطح محراب نسبت به نقوش گیاهی و هندسی دارد. شاهد دیگر این مدعا، دیوارهای پوشیده از آیات قرآنی در مسجد جامع شیان چین و نیز اختصاصی بودن سوره فتح برای محراب های مساجد چین است.

While there is a growing interest in poetry writing, it is important to explore students' experiences of writing poetry related to their meaningful lived experiences in an English as a Foreign Language setting. The study aims to investigate students' perceptions, emotions, and desires toward the activity of autobiographical poetry writing. Valid responses were obtained from 143 EFL students through a Qualtrics online survey, which examined their experiences in composing autobiographical poetry and its impact on their perceptions, emotions, and desire to learn poetry. The participants came from ten universities across various regions in Indonesia. Descriptive statistics and thematic analysis revealed that participants perceive writing autobiographical poetry to be a challenging experience due to technical language and poetic style. They also demonstrated a range of emotions, notably fear and anxiety, despite believing that the activity is beneficial. Although most of them experienced many challenges in autobiographical poetry writing, they expressed a desire to continue learning how to write poetry in the future. Participants were able to express their personal experiences in meaningful ways through their poems despite their anxiety about poetry writing. Hence, this study can serve as a stepping stone toward integrating poetry into Indonesian EFL curricula as a form of meaningful literacy

This study aimed at investigating and comparing the expenditure of cognitive effort in translating various text types. The text typology of Reiss (1971, 2014) including informative, expressive, and operative text types was used as the theoretical framework. A mixed-method approach involving the use of screen recording, keystroke logging, think-aloud protocols, and retrospective interviews was adopted for the investigation. To pursue the research aims, 22 senior translation students were recruited to participate in the study and perform three translation tasks: translating informative, expressive, and operative texts. By using think-aloud protocols, the participants were instructed to speak out during the execution of the tasks. The amount of time spent by each participant and the number of pauses taken by them on each translation task were measured and compared as indicators of cognitive effort. Additionally, time and pause analyses were triangulated using technical operation analysis to have a better perception and obtain more reliable results. The findings of this study showed a significant difference in the cognitive effort required to translate informative, expressive, and operative texts. The findings also revealed a higher level of cognitive effort in translating expressive text compared with informative and operative ones

Cet article vise à analyser la formation linguistique de l’apprenant irakien du FLE. en mettant l’accent sur le cursus des études supérieures. Les étudiants en master, encore inexpérimentés dans la recherche, rencontrent des difficultés avec le programme actuel. Leur formation antérieure leur a-t-elle donné suffisamment de savoirs dans le domaine linguistique ? Au cours de cet article, nous analysons le système éducatif irakien du français langue étrangère à l’université de Bagdad. Il s’agit de la méthodologie classique et de sa revalorisation liée à la réforme du système.  Quel est le rôle des cursus traditionnels de FLE dans le processus de l'enseignement au magistère ? Dans un contexte hétérogène, il s’agit d’un pays non francophone. Nous proposons quelques pistes d’étude afin de commencer à  rénover  le système éducatif et l’actualiser dans un sens qui le rapproche des autres systèmes d’enseignement internationaux Nous proposons un modèle spécifique pour notre contexte particulier: D. H. E. B.,  Double Hélice Éducative de Bagdad. Ce modèle est dynamique, génératif, auto-évolutif et applicatif. Notre approche spécifique nous aide à former des recommandations pédagogiques participant à la réforme de l’enseignement-apprentissage du français à l’université de Bagdad.   

Le présent article se penche sur l’étude descriptive et analytique des noms composés dans une approche contrastive (français-persan et vice versa). Un corpus thématique dans le domaine de « faune et flore » a rassemblé ces noms en deux langues dont les exemples sont présentés dans les tableaux, parallèlement à leurs équivalents dans l’autre langue. Pour être plus systématiques, nous avons fait une taxinomie de cette thématique qui se répartit en quatre groupes « fruits et légumes », « arbres et fleurs », « plantes aromatiques et médicinales » et « animaux ». Les structures grammatico-syntaxiques ainsi que la situation de leur noyau sémantique, à savoir indocentrique et exocentrique, sont passées au crible. Selon les résultats de notre recherche, cette catégorie de nom partage plus ou moins les mêmes structures et traits caractéristiques dans les deux langues étudiées, sans oublier quelques points importants et intéressants qui les distinguent d’une langue à l’autre, notamment sur le plan orthographique.  

Background: The world is rapidly becoming more intelligent, and AI is penetrating many fields, including international affairs. Based on this, we will soon witness the emergence of a new generation of embassies, namely AI embassies.Aims: This article answers the main question: "What are the prerequisites and requirements for using AI in embassies?"Methodology: This research, conducted using a qualitative approach and socio-technical theory, examines changes around embassies and operational experiences in this area and concludes that ambassadors need to align with modern developments to succeed in their diplomatic missions.Findings: The research findings indicate that a comprehensive and accurate understanding of the developments in the host country and benefiting from AI suggestions for developing relations with the government and people of the host country are among the advantages of AI embassies. Security issues and the need for skilled human resources are some of the challenges of AI embassies. Finally, the main achievement of this article is to provide an operational framework for the responsible use of AI in embassies.Conclusion: Designing and implementing an artificial intelligence strategy, ensuring data quality and security, empowering embassy staff, and continuous monitoring and evaluation are the most critical components of this proposed framework.