درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

This research aims to study the factors affecting gender equality in Iraqi football setting. The current research is based on a quantitative approach. The research population consisted of the employees of the football federation, players, and football coaches in Iraq. Based on Morgan's table, 384 people completed a researcher-developed questionnaire through random sampling. The content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by eight professors of sports management. Convergent and divergent validity and composite reliability were checked and confirmed by the PLS software. Findings showed patriarchal culture, gender stereotypes, the variable of gender inequality in broadcasts, the biased performance of social media in gender equality, gender inequality in budgeting and financial support, the variable of public support for men's football, and inequality in accessing to sports facilities and equipment have significant effects on gender equality in Iraqi football setting. However, the findings reveal that family restrictions do not have significant effect on gender equality in Iraqi football setting.

Purpose: Functional Movement Screening Test (FMS) is a tool that has the ability to determine a person's potential for the possibility of suffering from musculoskeletal abnormalities and sports injuries. FMS tests include seven functional movement tests that evaluate trunk, central strength and stability, neuromuscular coordination, asymmetry in movement, and flexibility. The purpose of this research was to determine the norm of the functional motor screening test in the male handball players of the Sepahan club in Isfahan. Method: The method of collecting information is cross-sectional and in terms of practical purpose. For this purpose, 30 male students aged 14-16 from Sepahan Handball Club of Isfahan were evaluated by performing 7 FMS tests. Findings: The norm of FMS test in 14-year-old students was 14.39±1.66, in 15-year-old students it was 15.85±1.47, and in 16-year-old students it was 15.29±1.21. Therefore, it can be stated that the FMS scores in these people are in a better condition compared to related studies in this age group. Also, the test scores separately showed that 75% of this population does not have enough stability in the central part of the body. Discussion and conclusion: In many sports activities, the movements of the upper and lower limbs need to have sufficient stability in the central area, if there is no stability in this area, energy transfer does not take place well. Since this age group is at the beginning of official sports competitions and considering that the clinical usefulness of FMS is limited by the lack of Norm index in Iran, sports medicine specialists and sports team coaches can evaluate the value of Norm scores to diagnose and identify people. at the risk of physical deformity and injury at different ages and plan bodybuilding and corrective exercises based on it

Purpose: The number of damages and severity of the injury has increased in recent years in handball. Recent studies have reported that functional testing before the season is associated with future injuries of athletes. However, the findings related to these studies are inconsistent. The current study aims to examine the accuracy of functional testing to predict the amount and severity of lower limb injuries of handball athletes in Tehran.   Method: 80 people of handball players (men) of league clubs of Tehran in the age range of 20-30 years were purposefully selected. Next, functional testing, including the Y balance, single-leg jump, and Functional Movement Screen (FMS) was taken from them. The hours of exercise and competition for teams, along with the number of players' injuries, were recorded during the half-season of competitions. To predict the severity and incidence rate of the injury, the univariate curve estimation regression test was used. Results: The results of this test showed that among functional testing, only single-leg jump (p= 0.035) could predict the severity of the injury incidence, and none of the tests the incidence rate of the injury (p> 0.05). Conclusions: It can be said that only single-leg jump can predict the severity of weak injuries (less than 10 lost days), and screening tests of functional activities have a very limited application to identify the handball athletes at risk of the injury.