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The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of a selected aerobic step training program on cardiovascular indices, maximal oxygen uptake (VO₂max), subcutaneous fat, anxiety, and aggression in deaf male students. Thirty deaf males with a mean age of 19–25 years, height ranging from 167 to 186.5 cm, and weight between 51 and 105 kg were randomly divided into experimental (n = 15) and control (n = 15) groups. The training program for the experimental group lasted for six weeks, consisting of three sessions per week, each session lasting 45 minutes with an intensity of 80–85% of maximum heart rate (HRmax). Pre- and post-tests were administered to measure aerobic capacity, anxiety, and aggression using the aerobic step test, Spielberger’s Anxiety Inventory, and the Buss–Perry Aggression Questionnaire, respectively. Subcutaneous fat was measured using a skinfold caliper. Data were analyzed using independent t-tests and covariance analysis. The results revealed a significant increase in aerobic capacity as well as a significant decrease in anxiety, aggression, and subcutaneous fat percentage following the aerobic training intervention. Overall, the findings indicate that aerobic exercise has a positive effect on aerobic capacity adaptation, body composition, anxiety reduction, and aggression control in deaf individuals.

In recent years, the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) across various industries has significantly transformed traditional practices, particularly in marketing. As sports marketing increasingly turns to AI-generated content, understanding the factors that influence consumer attitudes and purchase intentions becomes crucial for the effective utilization of this innovative technology. This article examines the impact of two key factors— observability and compatibility—of AI-generated sports marketing content on consumer attitudes and their purchase intentions. In today’s competitive world, understanding how this novel technology affects consumer behavior and how they interact with marketing content is of particular importance. Data was collected through a questionnaire using simple random sampling from sports consumers (n=300). A quantitative research method and structural equation modeling were employed, and the data were analyzed using SEM-Smart PLS TM3 software. The results indicated that observability and compatibility significantly influence consumer attitudes, which in turn affect purchase intentions. The robustness of the research model was confirmed through R2 and β values, emphasizing the importance of using innovative technologies in sports marketing. This article is one of the few studies focusing on the effects of AI-generated content in the sports industry and offers suggestions for improving sports marketing strategies.

This paper deals with the development of a financial management maturity model for sports organizations based on artificial intelligence. We jointly consider enhancing financial transparency, oversight and control, risk management, and using advanced technologies in sports organizations. The proposed scheme relies on a constructivist grounded theory approach. The research process involved data collection through in-depth interviews with five AI language models, ChatGPT, Claude, Google Gemini, Mistral, and LLaMA. In addition, these models were utilized as an alternative to traditional experts. Finally, extensive simulations were conducted to validate that 209 initial codes were identified, which were then refined to 44 codes and eventually consolidated into 11 key themes. These themes include financial transparency, oversight and control, budget planning, risk management, and the use of advanced technologies. Numerical results show the efficiency that these themes are interlinked in a chain-like manner and contribute to enhancing the financial efficiency of sports organizations.

This research was conducted with the aim of presenting the Islamic marketing framework with the fuzzy Delphi approach in the consumers of sports goods in the virtual space. In terms of the objective, the present research was qualitative-exploratory and its analysis method was the fuzzy Delphi technique. The statistical population of this research included 14 professors of sports management, market evaluation, and researchers in this field, and a targeted sampling method was used. The main tool of data collection in the research was fuzzy Delphi questionnaire. Also, the current research method was carried out in 5 steps. The results of the research showed that 5 factors 1. Islamic mix (Islamic production, public benefit,  ethical product, product quality), 2. Sales (sufficient information to the customer About the goods and services of the transaction, respecting the customer and observing kindness, the need to pay attention to the satisfaction of the parties and to pay attention to the needs and desires of the customers, confronting the customer, being complacent in the sale and taking back the goods after the transaction if necessary, making the customers aware of the losses. possibility and side effects of the product, provision of skills, support, improvement of the environment), 3. Marketing planning ( legal framework, Islamic promotion and promotion, religious personality), 4. Islamic propaganda (honesty, abstinence) from false advertisements and slogans, educating customers, not hiding the defects of the product) and 5. Confronting the customer (denying betrayal to competitors and not trying to Bankrupting them, complying with ethical frameworks, not presenting false effects to attract customers from other competitors) are among the factors of the Islamic marketing framework in Consumers of sports goods in a virtual way with a fuzzy Delphi approach.

The research method employed a mixed approach (qualitative-quantitative), with participants consisting of experts in sports marketing, media, and e-sport businesses. The selection criteria for participants in the qualitative section were theoretical saturation, and a purposive sampling method along with snowball sampling strategy resulted in the selection of 18 individuals. The identified individuals from the qualitative section were then used for structural-interpretive analysis. Data collection tools included semi-structured interviews for the qualitative section and a 14x14 matrix for the quantitative section. To ensure validity and reliability, the coding process utilized strategies such as credibility, transferability, conformability, process audit, and agreement within the subject. The qualitative data analysis involved two stages: initial coding and focused coding, while the quantitative data analysis employed the structural interpretive modeling and the MICMAC analysis. The findings revealed 14 determinant factors related to social media marketing in e-sport businesses. Based on the structural interpretive analysis, the relationships between these factors were categorized into 7 levels, forming a hierarchical relationship model. This model demonstrates that social media marketing in e-sport businesses leads to changes in consumer behavior and the effectiveness of marketing activities. The underlying cause of this transformation is the growth of the digital environment, followed by the widespread penetration of social media networks. Based on these results, it can be concluded that social media marketing in e-sport businesses is a complex multifaceted process, with interconnected components that create interactions and reactions in social media marketing.

The present research was conducted with the aim of improving economic governance in the country's sports based on marketing factors. The participants in this research consisted of individuals with expertise in the field of sports economics. The data collection tool used in this research was semi-structured interviews. To analyze the qualitative data, thematic analysis was employed. The results of this research indicate that in the context of specialized and human facilitators aimed at enhancing economic governance, the main concepts identified include attention to global structures in sports, scientific processes, supportive systems, and managerial systems. In total, 21 components were identified for improving economic governance in the country's sports based on marketing factors, concerning the specialized and human facilitators aimed at enhancing economic governance. Moreover, in terms of foundational, structural, and organizational capabilities concerning the objectives of economic governance, the main concepts identified include expanding penetration rates, building trust, budgeting, and social incentives in sports. A total of 16 components of economic governance in the country's sports, based on marketing factors, were identified. Additionally, regarding the quality of communications in achieving the goals of economic governance, the main concepts included inter-sectoral cooperation, creating a social economy, and informational aspects. In total, 12 components of economic governance in the country's sports, based on marketing factors, were identified in relation to the quality of communications in achieving the goals of economic governance.