درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

The infallibility of Imams (AS) is one of the true beliefs of Shiites, for the Imam is the messenger of God and the guardian of the Divine religion. This fundamental belief has been disputed and challenged by the Shiite opponents, among them are the misconceptions raised by Dr. Qaffārī. His doubts include, for instance, the doubt that this belief has been innovative concerning its background, the rejection of Shiite reasons for infallibility regarding the Qur'an and intellect, and the fruitlessness of this belief for Shi’a. This study, first, deals with the doubts of Qaffārī about infallibility and then answers the doubts and objections raised in this regard, relying on the verses of the Holy Qur’an and Shiite and Sunni commentaries. Referring to the Holy Qur'an, it is proved that the subject of infallibility is mixed with the position of Imamate and succession. Accordingly, the source of division among the Islamic Ummah is the lack of belief in the infallibility of the Messenger of God (PBUH) and his successors, which has caused seditions and disputes since the death of the Prophet (PBUH) until now. As a result, to come out of the current conditions of the Islamic world, Muslims should believe in the necessity of obeying the Infallible 'Ul al-'Amr.

Grammarians and commentators disagree about the syntactic role of "Asbata" in the verse "…va qaṭṭa'nāhumuth-natay 'ashrata asbāṭan…" (وَ قَطَّعْناهُمُ اثْنَتَیْ عَشْرَهَ أَسْباطا) and have proposed several roles for it. According to Arabic grammar, the accusative of specification (tamiz) the numbers eleven and nineteen must be singular and assigned. The accusative of specification (tamiz) the number "twelve" in the above verse should come in the form of "sabṭan", while it is plural and accusative, which is against the grammar. For this reason, four grammatical roles are mentioned for it in syntactic and explanatory sources. Christoph Luxenberg, the author of the book "Syriac-Aramaic reading of the Qur'an", believes that the grammatical role of "asbaṭan" is distinctive accusative of specification (tamiz) ; But not according to the Arabic grammar, but according to the Syriac grammar. He considers the difference of opinion of grammarians and commentators in the role of "asbaṭan" due to their lack of familiarity with the Syriac Aramaic language and its influence on the Arabic language and the Qur'an. The current research has reviewed Luxenberg's point of view in this regard with the library method and comparative approach. Although there are some similarities between Syriac and Arabic syntax, the results indicate that Luxenberg's claim is not true.

Organizational communication is an important and pervasive topic that significantly impacts the resolution of internal conflicts and issues external to the organization. Communication connects the organization in such a way that without it, understanding, coordination, and collaboration within organizations become impossible. Since the foundations and principles of organizational communication in a religious society differ from those in a non-religious society, the present study aims to answer the questions of what constitutes the basis of a right-centered approach and how it plays a role in designing the principles of organizational communication from the perspective of the Quran, using a descriptive-analytical method. Various foundations and principles can be derived for organizational communications; however, this research is dedicated to the basis of a right-centered approach as one of the most fundamental bases. The findings indicated that the components making up the foundation of a right-centered approach include: The truth of God, the truth of religion, the truth of the impeccable Imams, the truth of angels, and the truth of the resurrection. These components guide individuals to adhere to the principles of truthfulness, truth-hearing, and truth-seeking. 

The significance of revelation and God's communication with divine prophets has long been a focus of Islamic researchers. However, what holds substantial importance in this context is the role and position of the spirit in the process of Quranic revelation. The present study aims to analyze the verses and traditions through a descriptive-analytical method and an ijtihadi approach, considering previous research, to decode the true essence of the spirit in Quranic culture. Based on the analyses conducted, the "Spirit (Rūḥ)" is a creation that transcends angels, possessing a high and exalted rank, which God has attributed to Himself as a mark of honor and to express His greatness. Furthermore, the primary objective of this paper is to explore the role of the spirit in the process of revelation. According to the reasons and arguments derived from the verses and traditions, in direct revelation, the beginning and end of the process of transferring revelation to the heart of the prophet is carried out by the spirit (Waḥyan). In God's communication with humanity through the intermediary of the messenger, the spirit initially receives the content from the Lord, and Gabriel transmits it from the spirit (Yursilu Rasūlan) to the heart of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). It is also possible that there are other intermediaries in the process of transferring revelation from the spirit to Gabriel.