درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

زبان شناسی

حوزه‌های تخصصی
ادبیات اقتصاد تاریخ تربیت بدنی جغرافیا حقوق روانشناسی زبان شناسی علم اطلاعات و دانش‌شناسی علوم اجتماعی علوم اسلامی علوم انسانی علوم تربیتی علوم سیاسی فلسفه و منطق مدیریت مطالعات زنان هنر و معماری
زبان شناسی چیست؟ زبان شناسی کاربردی زبان شناسی نظری سیر تحول زبان شناسی (تاریخچه) علوم مرتبط میان رشته ای ها نقد و بررسی کتاب
ترتیب بر اساس: جدیدترینپربازدیدترین
فیلترهای جستجو: فیلتری انتخاب نشده است.
نمایش ۱۴۱ تا ۱۶۰ مورد از کل ۱۰٬۳۰۳ مورد.
۱۴۱.

Decoding the Significance of Digital Literacies among EFL Learners: A Probe into the Consequences on Technostress, Foreign Language Anxiety, Academic Enjoyment, and Language Achievement(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Applied Research on English Language, V. ۱۳, N. ۴ , ۲۰۲۴ 101 - 128

کلیدواژه‌ها: academic enjoyment Digital Literacies foreign language anxiety Language Achievement Technostress

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تعداد بازدید : ۱۲۶ تعداد دانلود : ۵۳
Feeling anxiety and technostress can have harmful effects on EFL learners' language learning. On the other hand, having high academic enjoyment (AE) can generate positive impacts on English language learning. Concerning the psychological variables' role in English language learning, this investigation inspected the effects of digital literacy (DL) on technostress, foreign language anxiety (FLA), AE, and language achievement. To meet this objective, 70 intermediate subjects were selected and divided into an experimental group (EG) and a control group (CG). Next, the pre-tests of technostress, FLA, AE, and language learning achievement were administered to both groups. After that, the EG was taught the coursebook using technology. DL was also focused on it, and the students were trained to apply technology when learning new English materials. On the other hand, the same lessons were taught to the CG applying a traditional method. After teaching all classes, the mentioned scales were administered as the posttests of the study. The results of the One-way ANCOVA test indicated that the EG outdid the CG in the four posttests, implying that using DL reduced the anxiety and technostress of the EG but increased their AE. The ramifications of this investigation can inspire both EFL learners and educators to apply digital tools and technology in English learning and teaching.
۱۴۲.

Perceptions of Incorporating Smartphones to Overcome Learners' Listening Difficulties in Bangladeshi Tertiary EFL Classrooms(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Applied Research on English Language, V. ۱۳, N. ۴ , ۲۰۲۴ 129 - 162

کلیدواژه‌ها: Learners’ Listening Difficulties Incorporating Smartphones Tertiary EFL Classroom

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تعداد بازدید : ۷۲ تعداد دانلود : ۳۶
The use of smartphones in higher education has significantly impacted the global education landscape, particularly in Bangladeshi tertiary English as a Foreign Language (EFL) classrooms. Despite their importance in improving students' communicative competence, listening skills are often overlooked in these classrooms due to limited access to listening equipment. This study, at the very outset, seeks to address their challenges while developing listening. Furthermore, it focused on identifying the perception of the learners and teachers towards the appropriate and effective use of smartphones to minimize their listening difficulties. This research design followed the sequential explanatory mixed-method approach to align the objectives. Convenience sampling was employed to select 11 participants for the qualitative component, ranging from lecturers to associate professors, as well as 159 students from 25 universities across Bangladesh for the quantitative component. A questionnaire survey and semi-structured interview were used to collect data. The study utilized SPSS 25.0 to analyze quantitative data presenting mean, median, mode, and standard deviation for the descriptive study, and a deductive thematic analysis technique was employed for qualitative data. The results showed that learners believe smartphones effectively help them overcome challenges like context sensitivity, pronunciation, missed or misperceived words, natural speech rate adaptation, accent comprehension, and vocabulary deficits. This study also finds that using smartphones to improve students' listening abilities in tertiary EFL classes is highly doable. This study also recommends that EFL teachers and administrative authorities work together in order to successfully integrate cell phones in an EFL classroom.
۱۴۳.

Impact of Flipped Classroom Integrated with MOOCs on Intermediate EFL Learners’ Self-Regulated Writing Strategies(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: English Language Teaching and Learning. No. ۳۴, Fall & Winter ۲۰۲۴ 79 - 96

کلیدواژه‌ها: Flipped Classroom MOOCs self-regulated learning strategies metacognitive strategies educational program

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تعداد بازدید : ۱۶۷ تعداد دانلود : ۴۲
This study aimed to examine the impact of flipped classroom (FC) integrated with Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) on EFL learners’ use of self-regulated learning (SRL) strategies in writing. To this end, 60 intermediate college students, who were homogenized by a placement test, were selected and randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The treatment for the experimental group (flipped classroom integrated with MOOCs), took place in three phases, namely before class, in class, and after class. Before class, the materials and sources were delivered via Moodle application, a MOOC-based educational program. In class, the students participated in group discussions and an interactive feedback session. After class, they received online support. The participants in the control group attended the traditional face-to-face writing course, without the use of any technology-based instruments. They underwent only two phases: in-class and after-class activities. Before the treatment, an SRL strategies questionnaire was administered to all the participants. The same questionnaire was again administered to them at the end of the treatment. The results of ANOVA revealed that flipped classroom integrated with MOOCs had a statistically significant positive effect on the experimental group’s overall use of SRL strategies. Similarly, the method, performance, and social environment SRL dimensions improved significantly in the experimental group. Flipped classroom integrated with MOOCs may provide valuable insights for EFL contexts, particularly by encouraging self-regulated learning and reducing teacher workload, which can support the development of academic writing skills.
۱۴۴.

اثربخشی آموزش میان فرهنگی شعر معاصر فرانسه و فارسی بر استفاده از راهبردهای عاطفی اجتماعی و علاقه مندی به محتوای ادبی(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: جستارهای زبانی دوره ۱۵ خرداد و تیر ۱۴۰۳ شماره ۲ (پیاپی ۸۰) ۴۳۳-۳۹۵

کلیدواژه‌ها: آموزش میان فرهنگی شعر معاصر فرانسه شعر معاصر فارسی راهبردهای عاطفی اجتماعی آموزش زبان فرانسه به مثابه زبان خارجی (FLE)

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تعداد بازدید : ۹۱ تعداد دانلود : ۱۰۹
تقابل فرهنگ «خودی» و «دیگری» در اسناد آموزشی ، به ویژه دروس ادبی مربوط به رشته زبان فرانسه در دانشگاه های ایران، امری طبیعی است و نیاز به رویکردی میان فرهنگی که بتواند دانشجویان را در فضایی بینافرهنگی، تعدیل شده و به دور از شوک فرهنگی قرار دهد، ایجاد کرده است. با توجه به اینکه راهبردهای عاطفی اجتماعی ، با تکیه بر تفاوت های فردی، تلاش دارند تا زبان آموزان را در فرایند یادگیری کمک و روند آموزش زبان را تسهیل کنند، هدف این پژوهش، ارائه روشی کاربردی به منظور پیوند بیشتر ادبیات و آموزش زبان فرانسه از طریق فعال کردن ظرفیت های حسّی هیجانی و به کارگیری راهبردهای عاطفی اجتماعی نزد دانشجویان و علاقه مند کردن آنان به محتوای ادبی (شعر) است. همچنین، جامعه آماری تحقیق، شامل 110 نفر از دانشجویان زبان فرانسه در ترم آخر مقطع کارشناسی، در دو گرایش ادبیات و ترجمه در دانشگاه های مختلف ایران است که به صورت تصادفی انتخاب شده اند. ازاین رو، با طراحی پرسش نامه ای محقق ساخته و در 20 سؤال 5 گزینه ای، ابتدا در قالب پیش آزمون، میزان استفاده دانشجویان از راهبردهای عاطفی اجتماعی و علاقه مندی شان به شعر را سنجیدیم. سپس، طی یک دوره آموزشی مجازی و تعامل محور (درمجموع به مدت 50 ساعت) به آموزش میان فرهنگی پرداختیم. در ادامه نیز، از فراگیران، پس آزمون به عمل آمد. براساس نتایج آزمون تی (T test)، می توان چنین استنباط کرد که اختلاف معناداری بین میانگین دانشجویان در پیش آزمون و پس آزمون در زمینه استفاده از راهبردهای عاطفی اجتماعی و علاقه مندی به محتوای ادبی (شعر)، دیده شده است.
۱۴۵.

The Facilitative Role of Social Media in EFL/ESL Students’ Language Skills and Academic Engagement: A Theoretical Analysis(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: جستارهای زبانی دوره ۱۵ مرداد و شهریور ۱۴۰۳ شماره ۳ (پیاپی ۸۱) 225 - 244

کلیدواژه‌ها: academic engagement EFL/ESL student Language skills Positive Psychology social media

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تعداد بازدید : ۱۶۶ تعداد دانلود : ۸۱
The integration of technologies and social media into second/foreign language education has recently gained momentum in different contexts. Given their nature, social media have been empirically identified to improve different aspects of L2 teaching and learning. However, their facilitative role in enhancing EFL/ESL students’ language skills and academic engagement has been limitedly explored. To fill this lacuna, the present study intended to provide a theoretical analysis on the utility and power of injecting technologies and social media into L2 classes and improve students’ language skills and academic engagement. In so doing, the conceptualizations, definitions, dimensions, and empirical studies that provide evidence for the interplay of these constructs are presented. Moreover, a variety of implications are enumerated for EFL/ESL teachers, learners, teacher trainers, language policy-makers, curriculum designers, and scholars in L2 education, who can recognize the facilitative role of social media in English language teaching learning.  
۱۴۶.

On the Relationship between Sensory Learning Styles and Reading Subskill Profiles: An Application of Fusion Model(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: جستارهای زبانی دوره ۱۵ مرداد و شهریور ۱۴۰۳ شماره ۳ (پیاپی ۸۱) 245 - 274

کلیدواژه‌ها: Cognitive Diagnostic Assessment Fusion model Learning Styles reading skills

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تعداد بازدید : ۱۶۳ تعداد دانلود : ۱۰۴
The role of learning styles in academic performance has long been the question of many educationalists. Sensory learning styles, which categorize learners into three groups of visual, auditory, and tactile students, have been said to be likely to play parts in academic performance. The purpose of the present study is twofold. Initially, this study aimed to see what weaknesses Iranian university students have in reading comprehension task. The next step was to seek if possessing different sensory learning styles can lead to a significant difference regarding reading comprehension performance. In this study, Cognitive Diagnostic Assessment was applied to provide us with comprehensive mastery reading subskill profiles of everyone. To do so, a reading comprehension test along with a learning style questionnaire were given to 301 Iranian university students, the responses were all divided into either correct or incorrect responses, and according to examinees’ questionnaire, they were categorized into three groups of visual, auditory, and tactile learners. According to the present study, Iranian university students were found to have difficulty dealing with implicitly stated information, understanding difficult vocabulary, and summarizing the textual information. Regarding the second question of this study, visual learners performed significantly better than their auditory counterparts in four skills of Basic Linguistic Knowledge, Implicitly Stated Information, Understanding Difficult Vocabulary, and Understanding Complex Text. However, no significant difference was found between auditory and tactile participants. This result reinforces the prominent role of learning styles in academic and educational settings, to develop efficient instructions and curriculums that best meet learners’ needs.
۱۴۷.

An Analysis of Interactive and Interactional Metadiscourse: Native vs. Non-native Author Dichotomy(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Teaching English as a Second Language, Volume ۴۳, Issue ۲, Spring ۲۰۲۴ 31 - 48

کلیدواژه‌ها: authorial stance Metadiscourse Applied linguistics interactional and interactive resources

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۳۴۸ تعداد دانلود : ۱۹۵
Mounting attention has recently been paid to authorial stance in academic writing due to its important role in the interpersonal aspect of writing, encompassing the ways in which authors establish connections, convey attitudes, and engage with an audience. This study was an attempt to explore how native and non-native authors of Applied Linguistics deploy linguistic features to project their authorial stance. To this end, a corpus of 100 research articles authored by native and non-native researchers was collected from journals in the field of ELT. Hyland's Interpersonal Model of Metadiscourse (2005) was employed to differentiate the features produced and figure out how authors navigate the complexities of expressing their meaning while considering the ELT community expectations, and SPSS was used to analyze the data. Based on the results, the proportion of interactive resources was found to surpass that of interactional resources in both native and non-native writings, with transitions being the leading feature, followed by evidentials; and regarding the interactional resources, boosters, and hedges were the most dominant features employed by native and non-native authors, respectively. Overall, no tendency was found towards textuality through which authors consider the target audience (engagement markers), signal their confidence through the portrayal of authors' feelings (attitude markers), and take credit for their findings (self-mentions) throughout the whole corpus, particularly non-native writings. It seems that writing courses offered in non-native contexts require improvements to meet the standards of academic writing. Therefore, the study has important implications for both non-native and novice researchers and course designers.
۱۴۸.

EFL Learners’ Training on IELTS Writing Skills and Their Possible Self Construction(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Teaching English as a Second Language, Volume ۴۳, Issue ۲, Spring ۲۰۲۴ 111 - 132

کلیدواژه‌ها: Expected Possible Selves Feared Possible Selves Identity IELTS Writing Skills Responsible Possible Selves

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تعداد بازدید : ۲۶۶ تعداد دانلود : ۲۰۳
There is research paucity concerning EFL learners’ self-formation, taking the role of IELTS writing skills into account. With a view to this, the present study aimed to see what a model of possible self-construction before and after training on IELTS writing skills emerges and what the psychometric properties of the emerged model are. To this end, a grounded theory approach was used. Of the IELTS candidates taking part in five IELTS preparation centers in Kerman, 90 (55 males and 35 females) candidates were selected as the participants of the present study through cluster sampling. A semi-structured interview was used to identify the possible selfof the participants. Coding procedures (i.e., open, axial, and selective coding) and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) were used to analyze the data. According to the results, a model of possible selfconstruction before and after training on IELTS writing skills emerged wherein before training on IELTS writing skills, feared possible selfwere more dominant than expected and responsible possible selves. Furthermore, after training on IELTS writing skills, expected and responsible possible selfwere constructed more dominantly than feared possible selves. Implications of the results for EFL curriculum planners, teachers, and learners have been discussed.
۱۴۹.

Dialogue Localization in Conversation Design and EFL Learners’ L2 Classroom Conversation Fluency Achievement

نویسنده:
منبع: Research in English Education Volume ۹, Issue ۱ (۲۰۲۴) 1 - 9

کلیدواژه‌ها: Non-localized dialogue classroom conversation Speaking Achievement localized dialogue

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تعداد بازدید : ۱۱۳ تعداد دانلود : ۶۵
The present study investigated the effect of dialogue localization as a classroom activity on intermediate EFL learners’ classroom conversation. To achieve this, 60 intermediate language learners were selected as convenient sample. The participants’ proficiency levels were determined through the administration of the OPT test. The OPT test utilized in this study comprises a total of 30 questions, distributed evenly across three categories: listening, vocabulary, and grammar, with 10 questions allocated to each category. The proficiency level of the students was determined based on their scores, with a range of 0-10 indicating a pre-intermediate level, 10-20 indicating an intermediate level, and 20-30 indicating an advanced level. Then, they were divided into experimental and control groups. According to Farhady, Jafarpur, and Birjandi (1994), a pre-test of speaking consisting of 7 questions was administered to both groups, and the participants were required to respond orally. The scoring system used for evaluating the participants’ speaking skills was based on the guidelines outlined in the book "Testing Language Skills from Theory to Practice." The experimental group was then taught localized conversation while the control group was taught non-localized conversation. After ten sessions of the treatments, a post-test of speaking was administered in which the participants in both groups were involved in the same activity as the pretest. The data were analyzed through calculating independent sample t-test. The results indicated that the means of the two groups were significantly different, i.e., the experimental group outperformed the control group in the speaking achievement. This means that localization in dialogue has the potential to enhance students’ speaking abilities during classroom conversations.
۱۵۰.

Iranian EFL Teachers’ and Learners’ Perceptions of the Localized EFL Textbooks: A Mixed-Methods Analysis

نویسنده:
منبع: Mixed methods studies in English language teaching,Vol ۱, Issue ۱, Spring ۲۰۲۴ 67 - 88

کلیدواژه‌ها: ELT textbooks Learner perspectives Prospect Series teacher’s perspectives

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تعداد بازدید : ۱۵۷ تعداد دانلود : ۱۴۰
Nowadays, the goal of language education has changed from mastery of structure to the ability to use language for communicative purposes; however, the cultural content of the ELT textbooks in Iran has never been sufficiently discussed. Therefore, the major purpose motivating this study was to study the perceptions of teachers and learners of the localization of Iranian English textbooks in the Iranian EFL textbooks (i.e., Prospect series), besides investigating if there were any significant differences between the perceptions of teachers and learners. For this purpose, the participants of this study comprised two samples. The first group who took part in this study were 87 EFL teachers, and the second was a sample of 105 EFL learners. The research instruments were a questionnaire and a semi-structured interview protocol. For the evaluation of the textbook, a researcher-made questionnaire was used. The questionnaire was designed based on Cheng (2005). The purpose of this questionnaire was to probe the Iranian EFL teachers' and students' perceptions of the localized materials. In order to explore teachers' attitudes towards localized materials, a semi-structured interview was used. The findings suggest that while teachers and learners might view the series differently, there exists a common ground of appreciation for its value in enhancing the English learning experience. This convergence in positive perceptions emphasizes the importance of educational resources that cater to diverse learning styles and preferences. This study can have some pedagogical implications for curriculum developers, educational policymakers, teachers, and material designers.
۱۵۱.

Writing Assessment Literacy in an EFL Context: Insights from Iraqi Kurdish Teachers(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Applied Research on English Language, V. ۱۳ , N. ۱ , ۲۰۲۴ 55 - 78

کلیدواژه‌ها: assessment strategies Feedback practices Language assessment literacy EFL Writing Teachers’ Cognition Teachers’ Writing Assessment Literacy

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تعداد بازدید : ۱۳۰ تعداد دانلود : ۱۱۱
Assessing learners’ writing is one of the primary responsibilities of English language teachers. Nevertheless, research on teachers’ writing assessment literacy (WAL) is scarce. To this end, this study a) explored Iraqi Kurdish EFL teachers’ writing assessment knowledge, beliefs, and practices and b) examined assessment strategies they employ to assess learners’ writing ability and the feedback they provide on learners’ writing performance. Data were collected from language teachers in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq (N=80), who taught at universities, institutes, and schools, utilizing a modified version of the WAL questionnaire consisting of five sections, including teachers’ demographic information, assessment strategies, knowledge of WAL, beliefs about WAL, and practices concerning WAL. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a group of volunteer teachers (N=10). The findings highlighted teachers’ insufficient knowledge of writing assessments. A significant mismatch was found between teachers’ stated beliefs and their practices in the use of formative and summative assessment. The teachers had positive beliefs toward formative assessment; however, they preferred using summative assessment. The qualitative findings further pointed to a significant knowledge gap among teachers regarding specific terminologies, such as formative and summative assessment, as well as scoring rubrics. Finally, the results indicated that teachers used various feedback types to improve learners’ writing skills. The findings emphasize the need to improve teachers’ writing assessment literacy in order to bridge the gap between teachers’ beliefs and their practices of writing assessment.  
۱۵۲.

A Study of Quality and Quantity of Nominal Groups in the Vision and Interchange Series(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: English Language Teaching and Learning. No. ۳۳, Spring & summer ۲۰۲۴ 359 - 372

کلیدواژه‌ها: material evaluation nominal groups Textbooks Vision Interchange

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تعداد بازدید : ۱۷۷ تعداد دانلود : ۱۱۶
Materials evaluation plays an important role in language teaching as it helps practitioners to develop an awareness of the coverage and quality of the existing materials and as such, guides most instruction and revision decisions. Therefore, we sought to evaluate three English Vision textbooks exclusively written for Iranian secondary high school students through a comparison to the identical Interchange book series, the fifth edition. Following a model of nominal groups outlined here, the evaluation targeted the quantity and quality of the groups appearing in the two series as they are assumed to be an important part of authentic language. For the quantitative part, the results indicated a significantly higher use of nominal groups in the Interchange series. Similarly, in the qualitative analyses, we found higher quality nominal groups appearing in the Interchange books. The findings revealed inadequate inclusion of nominal groups' potentially useful structures in the Vision textbooks, supposed to help teachers to raise an awareness so as to come up with appropriate instructional policies, and the textbook developers to consider the findings when any revision is due.
۱۵۳.

بررسی تطبیقی رمزگذاری افعال و عبارات اشاره ای و ماهیت تعاملی آن ها در زبان فارسی با تحلیل روایات «داستان قورباغه» و «آلیس در سرزمین عجایب» و یک مجموعه فیلم کوتاه(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: پژوهش های زبانشناختی در زبانهای خارجی دوره ۱۴ تابستان ۱۴۰۳ شماره ۲ 253 - 268

کلیدواژه‌ها: رویداد حرکتی رده شناسی تالمی اشاره عبارات اشاره ای نقش تعاملی زبان

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۹۸ تعداد دانلود : ۱۰۷
ن گونه که ماتسوموتو و کاواچی (2017) اظهار داشته اند، اشاره در واقع یک خطِ مسیر به اضافه یک زمینه مشخص (یعنی گوینده) است و از این جهت از نظر مفهومی با مسیرحرکت متفاوت است. در واقع، عبارات اشاره ای مجموعه ای از رفتارهای متمایز از عبارات جهتی (به عنوان مثال، Up در انگلیسی)، خطِ مسیر (به عنوان مثال، TO)، یا خط سیر به اضافه انطباق (به عنوان مثال، INTO) را نشان می دهند و بنابراین درخور مطالعات جداگانه ای می باشند. در این مقاله بر آنیم تا افعال و عبارات اشاره ای را در زبان فارسی مورد بررسی قرار دهیم. به این منظور، پس از بررسی الگوی واژگانی شدگی در فارسی که عموماً مبتنی بر تحلیل داستان تصویری قورباغه (مه یر ، 1969) و ترجمه فارسی رمان آلیس در سرزمین عجایب (کارول ، 1865) است، بررسی خواهیم کرد که عبارات اشاره ای در مقایسه با زبان های انگلیسی، ژاپنی و تایلندی (ماتسوموتو و همکاران ، 2017) به چه صورت در زبان فارسی رمزگذاری می شوند وعلاوه بر نقش فضایی ای که توسط ماتسوموتو و همکاران (2017) در خصوص این مؤلفه ها گزارش شده است، ماهیتی تعاملی نیز دارند یا خیر. آن چنان که نتایج این تحقیق نشان می دهند سخنوران زبان فارسی هنگامی که حرکت صرفاً به سمت گوینده نباشد (جهت فضایی) و در حیطه او که توسط محدودیت های قابل رؤیت بودن و تعامل تعریف می شود نیز باشد و همچنین زمانی که حرکت با یک رفتار تعاملی مانند سلام کردن به گوینده همراه باشد از این افعال اشاره ای با بسامد بیشتری استفاده می کنند که این موضوع بازتأییدی رده شناختی بر نتایج آکیتا و ماتسوموتو (2017) می باشد.
۱۵۴.

بررسی تکواژ «تا» فارسی در گفتار و زبان گویشوران آذربایجانی(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: زبان شناسی و گویش های ایرانی سال ۹ بهار و تابستان ۱۴۰۳ شماره ۱ (پیاپی ۱۴) 75 - 89

کلیدواژه‌ها: برخورد زبانی قرض گیری زبان فارسی زبان آذربایجانی تکواژ «تا»

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۳۹ تعداد دانلود : ۱۴۹
در این پژوهش، نمود آوایی تکواژ «تا» فارسی به عنوان حرف ربط و حرف اضافه در گفتار گویشوران آذربایجانی مطالعه می شود. داده ها از تعاملات زبانی گویشوران مناطق مختلف استان های آذربایجان شرقی و اردبیل جمع آوری شده است. نخست کاربرد تکواژ «تا» به صورت حرف ربط و حرف اضافه با معانی گوناگون از گفتار گویشوران استخراج و فراوانی کاربرد آنها مشخص شد. سپس داده ها بر اساس دیدگاه های مطرح در حوزه پدیده برخورد زبان ها تحلیل شد. بنابراین پژوهش حاضر پیکره بنیاد است و به شیوه توصیفی-تحلیلی انجام شده است. بررسی داده ها نشان می دهد که فراوانی کاربرد تکواژ «تا» به عنوان حرف ربط (در معانی بیان علت، زمانی که، همین که و شرط) نسبت به فراوانی کاربرد همین تکواژ به صورت حرف اضافه، خیلی بیشتر است. همچنین تکواژ «تا» به عنوان حرف ربط در گفتار همه گویشوران، حتی گویشوران تک زبانه آذربایجانی به وفور یافت می شود. بنابراین دو معیار بسامد کاربرد و راه یابی عنصر زبانی به گفتار و زبان تک زبانه ها، شواهدی دال بر قرضی بودن تکواژ «تا» به عنوان حرف ربط در زبان آذربایجانی است. فراوانی کاربرد تکواژ «تا» در نقش حرف اضافه و حرف ربط در معانی خاص (تردید، از وقتی که) در گفتار گویشوران آذربایجانی پایین تر است؛ همچنین این نوع تکواژها فقط در گفتار دوزبانه های آذربایجانی-فارسی ظاهر می شوند. بنابراین تکواژ «تا» به عنوان حرف اضافه و حرف ربط در معانی خاص، هنوز به صورت عناصر رمزگردانی شده در گفتار دوزبانه ها نمود آوایی دارند و احتمال دارد با گذر زمان، به تدریج به گفتار تک زبانه ها نیز راه یابند و به عناصر قرضی در زبان آذربایجانی تبدیل شوند. اکثر دیدگاه های مطرح در پدیده برخورد زبان ها فقط به مطالعه نتایج قرض گیری بسنده کرده اند؛ در صورتی که پیوستار رمزگردانی- قرض گیری روند راه یابی و تثبیت عناصر غیربومی در زبان پذیرا را ترسیم کرده است. راه یابی تکواژ «تا» فارسی به گفتار و زبان گویشوران آذربایجانی نیز مهر تائیدی بر روند انتقال تدریجی عنصر نقشی از زبانی به زبان دیگر است که در این پژوهش، طبق پیوستار رمزگردانی-قرض گیری تحلیل می شود. 
۱۵۵.

Online and Face-to-Face Instructions Interplay and Language Learning: Instructors’ and Learners' Perspective(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: English Language Teaching and Learning. No. ۳۴, Fall & Winter ۲۰۲۴ 1 - 18

کلیدواژه‌ها: Blended Learning online learning face-to-face learning learners' perceptions EFL Learners

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۴۱ تعداد دانلود : ۴۴
Blended learning (BL) is being increasingly utilized in teaching and learning languages, therefore, carrying out this study in view of the lack of studies on BL within the Iranian EFL context is very significant. The study conducted at the English Department of Karaj Islamic Azad University provides valuable insights into how instructors and learners perceive the interplay between blended, online, and face-to-face (F2F) instructions. A mixed methods design has been applied to the study. 410 learners, studying English translation, and 46 university instructors responded to a Likert-type questionnaire and an open-ended one and 10 of them were interviewed. The findings revealed that, by incorporating both traditional classroom instruction and online learning tools, students can benefit from a more personalized and interactive learning experience. This approach can also help educators adapt their teaching methods to better meet the needs of diverse learners. In terms of educational policies, there may be a need for increased support and resources for implementing BL modules in language education. Additionally, language teaching programs may need to be revised to include more digital resources and tools to enhance language learning outcomes. Overall, the integration of BL in language classes can lead to more effective and engaging language education practices.
۱۵۶.

The Impact of Critical Thinking Skills in TBSIR Approach on the Computer-Based English Expository Essay Writing of Iranian University Students(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: English Language Teaching and Learning. No. ۳۴, Fall & Winter ۲۰۲۴ 331 - 342

کلیدواژه‌ها: Critical thinking skills analysis interpretation computer-based English expository essay writing TSR approach TBSIR approach Iranian University students

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۲۰ تعداد دانلود : ۴۰
Due to the vital role of critical thinking skills in students' educational and non-educational success, the present research attempted to examine the impact of critical thinking skills in TBSIR approach on the computer-based English expository essay writing of Iranian university students. Participants of this study included 30 students at Gonbad-e-Kavous and Hazrat-e-Masoumeh universities in Iran. They answered to the Watson-Glaser critical thinking skills test (1980), then after two weeks of reviewing TSR structure, they wrote a computer-based English expository essay as pre-test. After four weeks of learning TBSIR structure, they wrote another computer-based English expository essay as post-test. The paired samples t-test and Pearson correlation were run and the results revealed the impact of critical thinking skills in the TBSIR approach on the computer-based English expository essay writing of Iranian university students. Also, the results indicate the positive and significant correlation between critical thinking skills especially analysis and interpretation and the computer-based English expository essay writing of Iranian university students, which helps the students to promote their educational and social lives. Finally, teachers, teacher trainers, syllabus designers and materials developers can benefit from the results of this study.
۱۵۷.

The Role of ChatGPT-based Instruction and Flipped Language Learning in Metadiscourse Use in EFL Learners’ Argumentative Writing and their Perceptions of the two Instructional Methods(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Teaching English as a Second Language, Volume ۴۳, Issue ۳, Summer ۲۰۲۴ 27 - 52

کلیدواژه‌ها: ChatGPT-based instruction Flipped language learning instruction interactional metadiscourse

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۷۰ تعداد دانلود : ۱۰۶
The advent of ChatGPT, an all-purpose intelligent Chabot created by Open AI, has created a multitude of prospects and opportunities within the realm of language education. Owing to its exceptional capacity to produce a wide range of textual outputs, ChatGPT responds to queries in a matter of seconds. The present study aimed to examine the appropriateness of ChatGPT-based instruction and flipped language learning instruction (FLLI) in classrooms in terms of enhancing EFL learners’ interactional metadiscourse realization across language proficiency levels. Sixty-three English language learners were divided into four distinct groups: 16 in the advanced and 16 in the intermediate FLLI group, 15 in the advanced, and 16 in the intermediate ChatGPT group. Before initiating the study, all participants were given a pretest that specifically assessed the use of interactional metadiscourse markers (IMMs) in argumentative writing. The four experimental groups were separately exposed to ChatGPT-based instruction and FLLI during eight sessions. Results from a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) procedure through SPSS (version 25) revealed that the ChatGPT-based instruction was more effective than FLLI, and both intermediate and advanced language learners following the ChatGPT-based instruction used IMMs in argumentative writing more successfully. Moreover, the participants’ perceptions of ChatGPT and FLLI were analyzed through MAXQDA (version 2020), showing more positive attitudes towards using ChatGPT in language learning in general and IM realization in particular. The findings have the potential to provide advantages for teacher educators in terms of utilizing ChatGPT learning approaches.
۱۵۸.

Corrective Feedback Types Opted for by EFL Teachers in Face-to-Face and Online Classes: A Comparative Study across Levels of Proficiency(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Teaching English as a Second Language, Volume ۴۳, Issue ۴, fall ۲۰۲۴ 1 - 33

کلیدواژه‌ها: corrective feedback EFL Teachers Face-to-face classes online classes proficiency levels

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۳۶ تعداد دانلود : ۱۱۳
The current study aimed to investigate EFL teachers’ use of different corrective feedback types in face-to-face and online classes across levels of proficiency, as well as their perceptions of the use of corrective feedback (CF) in their classrooms. To this end, six teachers (three face-to-face and three online) from two language schools were selected as the participants based on convenience sampling. It’s worth noting that in terms of design, the current investigation qualifies as a case study. In an attempt to triangulate data collection, both observation and interview were used as the instruments for data collection. In so doing, each teacher’s class was observed for two sessions, and the interaction between learners and each teacher was audio-recorded. Furthermore, structured interviews were conducted with the participants following observations. The study was guided by Lyster and Ranta’s (1997) and Sheen’s (2011) framework for CF types. As the findings revealed, recast was the most commonly used CF type in elementary and intermediate levels in both classroom modes, as well as the advanced face-to-face class, with the only exception being the advanced online class in which elicitation featured as the most preferred feedback type. Furthermore, the results of the interview data revealed that all teachers had positive perceptions of using CF in EFL classrooms. The findings offer some fruitful implications for EFL teachers who are engaged with face-to-face or online modes of instruction, particularly as they highlight the importance of offering more explicit CF types to bring about more noticing and uptake.
۱۵۹.

A Cross-Cultural Scrutiny of Rhetorical, Pragmatic, and Semantic Strategies in Political Discourse: Comparative Manipulation Strategies in English and Arabic Contexts(مقاله پژوهشی دانشگاه آزاد)

نویسنده:
منبع: international Journal of Foreign Language Teaching & Research, Volume ۱۲, Issue ۴۸, Spring ۲۰۲۴ 117-129

کلیدواژه‌ها: Pragmatic strategies Rhetorical devices Semantic Analysis political discourse manipulation comparative analysis

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۰۷ تعداد دانلود : ۶۲
This study provides a comparative analysis of the rhetorical, pragmatic, and semantic strategies used by English-speaking and Arabic-speaking politicians to manipulate their audiences. By examining political speeches from both linguistic contexts, the research reveals distinct cultural patterns in manipulation. English-speaking politicians often employ direct, fact-based appeals (logos), while Arabic-speaking politicians rely more on emotional and collective identity appeals (pathos). These strategies reflect the cultural and linguistic norms of each group. Additionally, the study highlights the evolving impact of digital media on political communication, showing how manipulative strategies have adapted to new technological platforms. The findings have important implications for political communication strategists, media professionals, and educators. They underscore the need for culturally nuanced communication strategies in cross-cultural political discourse, offer insights for enhancing public media literacy to combat manipulation, and provide a framework for further research into the role of digital platforms in shaping political rhetoric. Additionally, the study highlights the evolving impact of digital media on political communication, showing how manipulative strategies have adapted to new technological platforms. The findings have important implications for political communication strategists, media professionals, and educators. They underscore the need for culturally nuanced communication strategies in cross-cultural political discourse, offer insights for enhancing public media literacy to combat manipulation, and provide a framework for further research into the role of digital platforms in shaping political rhetoric.
۱۶۰.

Impact of Positive Psychology-Based Instruction on EFL Learners’ Perceived Use of Anxiety Reducing Strategies(مقاله پژوهشی دانشگاه آزاد)

نویسنده:
منبع: international Journal of Foreign Language Teaching & Research, Volume ۱۲, Issue ۴۹, Summer ۲۰۲۴ 61-78

کلیدواژه‌ها: Anxiety reducing strategies Foreign language learning anxiety Positive Psychology

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۸۱ تعداد دانلود : ۷۵
This study intended to unveil the impact of incorporation of positive psychology theory into English instructions on the preference for anxiety-reducing strategies among Iranian EFL learners. The participants consisted of 60 EFL learners, from Safir Institute, Tehran, Iran, at the intermediate level, who were selected out of 90 EFL learners selected on convenience sampling basis. The 60 learners selected on the basis of their scores from an Oxford Placement Test (OPT), given to the 90 learners, were split into two equal 30-member groups. Both groups were given the language anxiety reducing strategies (LARS) questionnaire as pretest. Then, positive psychology-based instructions were provided to the experimental group drawing on five types of positive psychology-based instruction techniques for 20 sessions. These five instruction techniques included gratitude, optimistic intervention, positive affirmations, savouring, and strength-building measures. The control group received no intervention concerning positive psychology, and learners followed the conventional syllabus of the language school. After the treatment, the two groups took the LARS questionnaire as post-test. The results of ANCOVA indicated that teaching positive psychology techniques significantly increased anxiety-reducing strategies preference among Iranian EFL learners.

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