فریبا کریمی

Purpose: The objective of this study was to investigate the factors influencing the teaching of technical and practical courses in the College of Art in Iraq. Methodology: This applied-developmental study employed a survey-cross-sectional design. The statistical population consisted of art teachers in technical and vocational programs in Iraq, with a sample size of 188 teachers selected through cluster-random sampling. Data collection was conducted using a questionnaire validated for face and construct validity, and reliability was confirmed with Cronbach's alpha coefficients exceeding 0.7. Data analysis was performed using SPSS and Smart PLS software to examine the relationships between variables. Findings: The analysis revealed that strategic teaching planning significantly impacts educational, social, and individual outcomes. The contexts of technical and practical education and the teaching methods used in these courses significantly influence strategic teaching planning. Additionally, educational, human, and organizational factors were found to have a notable impact on the teaching of technical and practical courses. However, the traditional education system negatively affected strategic teaching planning. These findings align with previous research highlighting the importance of strategic planning, adaptive teaching methods, and the integration of modern technologies in improving educational outcomes. Conclusion: Strategic teaching planning is crucial for enhancing educational, social, and individual outcomes in technical and practical courses. Educational contexts, teaching methods, and various influencing factors must be considered to develop effective strategic plans. The traditional education system's rigidity poses challenges to effective teaching planning, suggesting a need for more flexible and innovative approaches. These insights provide valuable recommendations for educators and policymakers to improve the quality of technical and practical education in the arts.

Purpose: This study was conducted with the aim of identifying the components and dimensions of effective art education teaching. Methodology: This research is an applied-developmental study in terms of its objective and a non-experimental (descriptive) study in terms of data collection method, utilizing a cross-sectional survey approach. A qualitative research design was employed to achieve the research objective. The qualitative participant community included professors, teachers, school administrators, and art education specialists in Iraq, selected through purposive sampling. Ultimately, theoretical saturation was achieved after 10 interviews. The qualitative validity was evaluated and confirmed based on Lincoln and Guba's four criteria of credibility, transferability, confirmability, and dependability from the reviewers' perspective. The reliability of the coding of the conducted interviews was estimated using Holsti's coefficient at 0.712, which is considered acceptable. For data analysis, the grounded theory method was utilized in MAXQDA software, and with the extraction of the main and sub-categories of the research, the final model was presented. Findings: In the present study, the components and dimensions of effective art education teaching were identified to provide a model for art education teachers in Iraq. A total of 210 initial codes were extracted from the interview texts. Through coding, eight concepts and 45 sub-categories were identified, and by classifying these themes into similar categories, eight main categories were recognized. Conclusion: Based on the obtained results, the paradigmatic model of the research was determined. Causal conditions, including educational content, factors related to the teacher, and teaching style, affect the central phenomenon, which is effective art education teaching. This component, along with contextual conditions, including educational infrastructure and intervening conditions, such as the status of art in society, leads to strategies and actions, including educational policymaking, resulting in the outcome of drafting the art curriculum charter in Iraq.

مشارکت والدین در مدرسه  از اهمیت  بسزایی برخوردار است.  امروزه انتظارات جامعه از دستگاه تعلیم و تربیت به صورت روز افزون افزایش یافته است. لذا نظام آموزشی تنها مسئولیت تدریس و انتفال مواد آموزشی  در ذهن فراگیران را بر عهده ندارد و برای موفقیت برنامه های آموزشی وتربیتی بایستی سیاست گذاران نظام آموزش وپرورش زمینه های مشارکت والدین را برای ارتقاء رشد دانش آموزان فراهم آورند. پژوهش حاضر با هدف شناسایی مؤلفه های مؤثر در مشارکت والدین به شیوه کیفی و با روش تحلیل مضمون برمبنای رویکرد استقرایی (آتراید –استرلینگ) انجام شده است. نمونه گیری از مجموع اسناد کتابخانه ای و منابع علمی که در مجلات معتبر علمی - پژوهشی چاپ گردیده است با بررسی محتواهای مرتبط انتخاب گردید .تجزیه وتحلیل داده ها بر اساس تحلیل مضمون انجام شد. برای اعتباریابی داده ها از روش بازبینی و موضع گیری پژوهشگر و همسوسازی با منابع علمی و اسناد کلیدی آموزش وپرورش استفاده گردید. بر اساس نتایج این پژوهش مؤلفه های مؤثر در مشارکت والدین در1مضمون کلی، 16 مضمون پایه و4 مضمون سازمان دهنده چالش های غالب ، بسترسازی مشارکت ، مفروضه های بنیادی تعامل و مهندسی ارتباط و تعامل طبقه بندی گردید.