Social capital

This study investigates the constructs and related theories that drive social capital in energy sector from the intention perspectives. This research uses theories of ‘social support’ and ‘planned behaviour’ alongside satisfaction and perceived value to propose a research model that drives social capital for energy sectors in Malaysia. The model reveals that the Theories of Planned Behaviour (TPB) and Social Support Theory (SST) alongside satisfaction and perceived value factors promote social capital development in energy sectors. Using PLS–SEM to analyse data gathered from energy sector employees in Malaysia, this research demonstrates that social capital is present when there is trust and loyalty among the users and positively effects energy sectors in terms of the productivity, effectiveness, efficiency and profitability. The study also contributes to the understanding of individuals' use of social capital in energy sector. A survey is adapted and distributed to 100 respondents as a mean to study on the validity and reliability of the research factors. Results indicate that all seven hypotheses proposed significantly influence social capital.

This study aimed to explain a role of faculty development on social capital in distance education. The research method was descriptive and data analysis method was SEM that Sample size was determined 181 faculty members of Tehran branch of Payam Noor University by Stratified random sampling. Faculty development made questionnaire design with the reliability [α =0/94] and social capital questionnaire of Nahapiet & Ghoshal[1998] with the reliability [α=0/92] were used to collect data. Results showed faculty development and social capital of sample size higher than the average and faculty development [r=0/71] had a significant positive correlation with social capital of sample [p

The experience of Iranian-Islamic cities represents the role of mosques on physical and social organization in urban neighborhoods. It appears that this role has been changed during the contemporary era. The purpose of this paper is to exامینe the impact of social and cultural contexts on the performance of local mosques. The main question of this research is: “What is the relationship between social context and the performance of local mosques?” The research hypo thesis is that the reseems to be a significant relationship between the social factors and the performance of local mosques in urban neighborhoods. Methodology of the research has been based on analyticaldescriptive method. In order to exامینe this hypothesis, the or etical and practical definitions of the survey’s variables, “social component of mosques and their performance in urban neighborhoods", are provided applying the theory of social capital. Afterward, the indexes of each variable are determined and applied in questionnaire to be evaluated in case studies. The data of the study were analyzed through SPSS software and the hypothesis was confirmed with 95% confidence level.

This research study was conducted to investigate the most representative characteristics of the habitus developed by academically successful Iranian English majors. Learning a second or foreign language, like many sociocultural practices, from a Bourdieusian perspective, is informed by the interrelation between habitus, field, and cultural capital (CC). Within an exploratory qualitative design, utilizing the Biographical Narrative Interpretive Method of both semi-structured and unstructured one-on-one interviews, seven academically successful BA students majoring in English language studies were studied in an attempt to explore their CC and habitus. Each participant was interviewed in 3 separate sessions. The constructivist grounded theory method was adopted to analyze the collected data. Constructed on 75 initial codes, 22 focused codes, 10 categories, and 4 themes, two major themes were most relevantly indicative of theoretical associations with the research problem. The findings suggest that the habitus developed by the English majors in this study was representative of their accumulation of certain forms of CC. Their habitus seemed to have been developed under the influence of their interaction with the mediatory field of learning and majoring in a foreign language. In an exigency-driven social quest for certain forms of cultural capital, the participants’ habitus were majorly characterized and influenced by their strategic accumulation of institutional and social capital, their field-oriented social identities, and their strategic administration of CC in the field. The knowledge developed by the findings of this study can provide useful sociocultural insights into academic achievements of English language majors.

INTRODUCTION: Participation suggests partaking and treating people in such a way that enables them to retain a decisive impact on events that affect their lives. The present study aimed to investigate the factors impacting the increase in the participation of aid workers in the programs of the Red Crescent Relief and Rescue Organization. METHODS: The present research is applied purpose-wise, cross-sectional time-wise, and a survey in terms of data collection. The statistical population involves every volunteer aid worker of the Red Crescent Society of Kermanshah Province in 2021. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire whose face validity was obtained. Moreover, the questionnaire's reliability was confirmed through Cronbach's alpha. Data were analyzed within SPSS and Amos software. FINDINGS: Variables of sex, social capital, safety culture, religious beliefs, and media consumption significantly and positively impact the participation of aid workers. Furthermore, the impact of the socio-economic status as a variable is significant and inverse. However, variables of age and marital status do not significantly influence the participation of aid workers. Among these variables, the media consumption variable has the highest regression coefficient value with a regression coefficient of 0.454 while the marital status variable, with a coefficient of 0.039, has the smallest regression coefficient value on the participation of aid workers in the programs of the Red Crescent Relief and Rescue Organization. CONCLUSION: Increasing the cooperation and participation of aid workers in the activities and programs of the Red Crescent Relief and Rescue Organization is impacted by several factors to which we need to pay close attention. Attending to these factors can significantly improve how the forces are utilized and further fulfill the goals and programs of the Red Crescent Rescue Organization.

Purpose - The main purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of improving the dimensions of social capital in the spatial evolution of rural settlements in Esfandagheh. Design/methodology/approach - This study is a quantitative survey conducted using questionnaires distributed among 400 households in 30 sample villages. Descriptive-analytical measures such as mean, variance, standard deviation, Kendall Tau-b correlation coefficient, and multiple regression were used to analyze social capital's status in the spatial evolution of rural settlements in the study area. Findings - The findings revealed that the six dimensions of social capital, including social awareness, social organizations and groups, social networks and relations, social participation, social cohesion, and social trust have a positive and significant relationship with the dimensions of the spatial evolution of rural settlements. Moreover, there is a positive and significant relationship between social capital and spatial development dimensions in the studied villages' four environmental-ecological, social, economic, and physical-infrastructural dimensions. Also, social awareness, social participation, social cohesion, social trust, social networks and relations, and social organizations and groups with a variance of 0.433% were explained as predictors of spatial changes in the Esfandagheh rural district. Research limitations/implications - The variable of social capital plays an essential role in the spatial transformation of rural settlements because improving the dimensions of spatial transformation regardless of the dimensions of social capital faces a crucial challenge. In other words, social capital is influential in various areas of life, from the local and micro-level to the national and macro-level; it can empower the villagers in dealing with the socio-economic problems of their village. Practical implications - Paying attention to the dimensions of social capital in terms of approaches and planning and policy-making system of rural development and subsequently emphasizing the status of social capital as one of the most important intangible assets to improve the spatial evolution of rural settlements. Originality/Value - This study investigated the effects of all dimensions of social capital on all four dimensions of geographical space. In such a way, the attention of policymakers and development planners to the outcome of this research provides a more effective planning ground for developing the rural space based on people's views and the conditions of each region.

Purpose: Social capital plays an important role in the success of any organization, including the education organization. As a result, the purpose of this study was presenting a social capital management model in the general directorate of education in Kermanshah province with a grounded theory approach. Methodology: This research in terms of purpose was applied and in terms of implementation method was mixed (qualitative and quantitative). The research population in the qualitative part was experts and senior managers of education in Kermanshah province and in the quantitative part were the principals of primary schools in Kermanshah province. The sample size in the qualitative part was estimated according to the principle of theoretical saturation 11 people who were selected by purposive sampling method and in the quantitative part was estimated according to Krejcie and Morgan table 332 people who were selected by random cluster sampling method. The research instrument in the qualitative part was a semi-structured interview and in the quantitative part was a researcher-made questionnaire, whose psychometric indices was confirmed and for data analysis was used from the methods of coding in MAXQDA software and exploratory factor analysis in LISREL software. Findings: Findings showed that in the central category of social capital management in education, causal conditions including categories of organizational factors, social factors and individual factors, contextual conditions including categories of social bonds of employees, cultural and social commitments and sustainable social development, intervening conditions including categories of legal requirements and frameworks, civic participation networks, organizational policies and organizational culture, strategies including categories of knowledge management, organizational resilience, job turnover and organizational participation and outcomes including categories of organizational outcomes, individual outcomes and social outcomes. Other findings showed that the factor load of all sub-categories except sense of identity on causal conditions, all sub-categories except collective power on contextual conditions, all sub-categories except success and education on intervening conditions, all sub-categories on strategies and all sub-categories except human capital accumulation, social cohesion, organizational learning, organizational entrepreneurship and interpersonal trust on outcomes were confirmed. Conclusion: Regarded to the importance of identified categories and concepts for the social capital management in education, planning is essential to improve the categories through their concepts.

Introduction : Civil society can lead to good governance by relying on civil ethics and legality. Civil ethics is the core and essence of civil society. The realization of good governance as one of the development models is not possible without the participation and presence of the civil sector. In this regard, the purpose of this research is to analyze the obstacles to achieving good governance in the public sector with an emphasis on civil ethics in the city of Yazd. Material and Method s : The qualitative research method was using qualitative content analysis with an inductive approach. The participants were active activists in the public (civil) sector in Yazd. 10 interviews were conducted using the purposeful theoretical sampling method, the data collection tool was a semi-structured interview. The validity and reliability of the research data collection tools were confirmed, and the theme analysis method based on open coding was used to analyze the data. Results : The results showed that the main obstacles to not realizing good governance in the civil sector are: intra-group distrust and the challenge of becoming a circle of civil organizations, the challenge of creating tools from civil organizations and the emergence of extra-group distrust, inter-group distrust and the challenge Self-destruction, promotion of passive participation and emergence of individualistic spirit, structural inefficiency and emergence of structural problems. Strengthening the public sector and increasing social capital and civic ethics can facilitate the achievement of good governance. Conclusion : Civil ethics is one of the most important variables in the realization of good governance and can be effective in the direction of moral excellence of society and desirable perfection.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to consider the goodness of fit of a structural model of the relationship between teachers' job motivation and their social capital and social-emotional skills with mediation of self-efficacy. Methodology: The research method was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population included female teachers working in the 10th and 5th districts of Tehran in the second secondary school in academic year 2020-2021. Two hundred and fifty teachers were randomly selected via the multi-stage method. Data collected using four questionnaires: Hackman and Oldham's social capital (1976), Nahapit and Ghasal's social capital (1998), Sherer's general self-efficacy (1982), and Tom's social-emotional skills questionnaires (2012). Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Findings: The findings showed that the structural model was fitted with collected data. Social capital, social-emotional skills and self- efficacy positively and significantly predicts the teacher's job motivation. In addition, self-efficacy mediates the relationship between teacher's job motivation and social-emotional skills and social capital. In total, 35% of the variance of job motivation is explained by predictor variables. Conclusion: Educational psychologists are advised to consider the role of teachers' self-efficacy, social capital, and socio-emotional skills in order to enhance their job motivation.

INTRODUCTION: Women's empowerment has been introduced as a mechanism to improve the quality of women's work and personal life, one of the basic principles of protecting human rights and eradicating poverty. This study aimed to investigate the effect of social capital, social support, and Internet use on the empowerment of working women with a mediating role in socioeconomic status. METHODS: In this descriptive survey study, 4,000 women were studied working in the RCS of Tehran province, Iran. About 384 samples were selected due to Cochran's formula by a simple random method. The required data were collected using some questionnaires, namely the Social Capital (Hoff and Heisman, 2009), subjective assessment of the socioeconomic status (Nabavi et al., 2007), Social Support (Sherburne and Stewart, 1991), the researcher-made questionnaire of Internet Use and Women’s Empowerment. FINDINGS: The results showed that social capital, social support, and the use of the Internet had a direct impact on the empowerment of women, and socioeconomic status played a mediating role in the relationship between social capital and empowerment. It was also found that socioeconomic status played a mediating role in the relationship between social support and the empowerment of working women. CONCLUSION: According to the results, attention to the components of social capital, social support, and the use of the Internet and cyberspace provided the basis for the empowerment of working women, while in this process the key role of women's socioeconomic status should not be overlooked. However, managers' attention to strengthening organizational trust and women's participation in decision-making, providing conditions for good communication, training, and promoting women's media literacy, would increase the socioeconomic status proportionately and improve women's empowerment.

INTRODUCTION: Improving the social capital of the Red Crescent Society can play an effective role in crisis management also control and increase productivity in responding to incidents. This research aimed to explain the role of mass and social media in the development of the social capital of the Iranian Red Crescent Society. METHODS: This practical research was conducted using a mixture of qualitative and quantitative research methods. The statistical population of the research in the qualitative part included 21 executive managers and pundits, who were selected using a purposeful and snowball sampling method. In the quantitative part, a total of 2,815 volunteer members of the Red Crescent Society formed the population, who were chosen by stratified random sampling method. The statistical data of the qualitative part were collected by holding semi-structured interviews, while those of the quantitative part were gathered using a questionnaire having content validity as well as the study of organizational documents. Data analysis in the qualitative part was performed through the thematic analysis method and in the quantitative part through the frequency and comparison of statistical data. FINDINGS: The findings showed that the effective role of the media should not be neglected. It was revealed that mass and social media played a role in the development of the social capital of the Red Crescent Society through three important components, namely news and information, mass education, and accreditation. CONCLUSION: According to the results of the current research, the Red Crescent Society can boost the productivity and effectiveness of humanitarian and public benefits programs and activities by understanding the very effective role of communication media and improving the level of cooperation and altruism culture in society with the help of mass media members, activists, and celebrities of social networks.

Knowledge management and its dimensions have an important role in the sustainable development of sport organizations; therefore, the main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of social capital components on knowledge sharing in sport and youth offices in Kerman. 193 staff in sport and youth offices in Kerman participated in this study through a total sampling approach, and completed a valid and reliable questionnaire. The findings of the research by applying structural equation modeling demonstrated that the social capital components (mutual respect and trust, participation and teamwork, social cohesion, openness to criticism, and relationship networks) had a positive and significant effect on the knowledge sharing in sport and youth offices in Kerman. According to the research findings, developing social capital and its components can play an important role in the process of knowledge sharing in sport and youth offices in Kerman.

In this article, the authors try to design a social capital promotion model for the branches of the Social Security Organization of Mazandaran Province during the corona outbreak. The research method is exploratory (qualitative-quantitative). The statistical population in the qualitative section was 30 university professors and executive elites in the field of management and in the quantitative section was 150 elites in the field of social security. In the qualitative part, using the snowball method of dreading theoretical saturation with 16 experts, in-depth interviews were conducted and in the quantitative part, to evaluate the model, a researcher-made questionnaire was distributed among 90 samples by relative cluster sampling method. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by form-content method and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha method. Data were analyzed by exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis using SPSS and AMOS software. The corona outbreak period has 18 dimensions as follows:  causal variables (organizational transparency, competence, support and social cohesion), contextual variables (innovative designs, development and customer relationship management, organizational skills and management), intervention variables (Setting and maintaining policies to overcome constraints, optimal crisis management, efficient manpower and service delivery development), strategic variables (recognizing threats and challenges, innovative strategies, recognizing and financing), and outcome (increasing investment, Intensification of social interaction, deepening social satisfaction, comprehensive development of the organization). The results of the quantitative section showed that all the dimensions of the research model of the research were confirmed

Protecting the environment is one of the ways that the people of every society take to support the next generations, which due to population growth and technology, the biophysical environment is sometimes neglected. This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between social capital and environmental protection behaviors. The research population was all the students of Hamedan University in the academic year 2018-2019, and 150 of them were selected by convenience sampling method, and the research questionnaires included the Social Capital Questionnaire (SCQ) and the Environmental Behavior Questionnaire (EBQ). completed Data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient and SPSS-22 software. The findings showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between social capital and its components with environmental protection behaviors (P<0.05). According to these findings, it can be concluded that by strengthening social capital, it can be expected that pro-environmental behaviors will increase and better conditions will be provided for the future generations of the country.

Introduction: Ethical governance means the exercise of power and sovereignty along with moral values and adherence to divine and human virtues. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the model of ethical governance components based on social capital. Material & Methods: The current research is one of the quantitative researches that was conducted by descriptive and correlation method. The statistical population of this research included employees and personnel and internal managers of gas industries in South Pars region, 384 people were selected as a sample. The research tool was a standard questionnaire. Data analysis was done using Pearson correlation. Results: Based on correlation coefficients, it was determined that the components of ethical governance include efficiency and effectiveness, impartiality and fairness, public satisfaction, accountability, rule of law, strategic perspective, accountability, role promotion, justice, distributive policy, capacity building, professional ethics, economic management, social development, government-centeredness, citizens' participation, legal reforms, anti-corruption, transparency, participation, predictability, accountability have a positive and significant relationship with social capital. Conclusion: The main core of governance, especially in the Islamic perspective, is to observe the strong role of ethics in the governance of society. It is through ethical governance that the social capital of the organization becomes efficient and plays its constructive role in the welfare of the society.

The main aim of this study this study was explaining the structural model of teacher's perception of school's social capital and teacher's psychological capital with their readiness for change in primary schools. The research statistical population was included all primary school teachers (17500) in Fars province, that 733 of them were selected as the research sample by using systematic sampling method. The research instruments were included three questionnaires: social capital, psychological capital and readiness for changing, which were distributed and collected after calculating validity (speciation analysis) and reliability (Cronbach's alpha). Research data were analyzed using one-sample t-test, Pearson's correlation's matrix and multivariate regression (structural equation model) and also Amos23 and Spss25 software. Findings showed that while the average dimension of social network was higher than the desired level, the rest of the dimensions of social capital and the average total of social capital was less than the desired level. The average of teacher’s psychological capital and all its dimensions was higher than desired. Examining the simultaneous role of social capital and psychological capital in predicting readiness for change, it was concluded that social capital loses its predictive power for readiness for changing (β= 0/07 & p= NS) and psychological capital have a positive and significant predictive power for readiness for change (β= 0/62 & p< 0/01). The output of this research can be use by managers, teachers and other staff in different domains to providing readiness ground for change by developing and strengthening the capacities of psychological capital.

One of the most traditional architecture and urban planning patterns is bazaar. The aim of this paper is studying social, economical and architectural features of traditional bazaars. The claim of this study is that they are significant relationship between social and economical values of bazaars with their architectural values. Bazaar usually is located along the main routes of the city and extended to the city center. Most activities and exchanges of city happen in the bazaar. In the past, the bazaar was a place for the transfer of customs, traditions, ideas and practices of social behavior and social life. Bazaar as a social media and social network, bazaar a source of social capital, forming micro funds are the greatest economically and socially achievements in the traditional bazaar. Wakf in addition has socially and economically important functions in day-life and urban activities, also has in physical aspects vital roles in shaping Islamic cities especially Iranian cites and bazaars. One of the most important features of bazaar’s set is formation guild organizations, socio-political, and the founder of this organization, which may be composed of civil society. Most of these activities and values are related to architectural and physical features of bazaar.

The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of social capital and organizational learning on organizational performance in Payame Noor University of Kermanshah province. It is a functional purpose study with descriptive – survey method. The statistical population includes 470 employees of Payame Noor University in Kermanshah province. A sample of 212 people was chosen using Cochran formula. Data were collected through social capital questionnaire of Ownegh (2005), Akbari et al. (2013) and organizational performance of Baharestan et al. (2012). The validity (content, convergent, divergent) and reliability (factor load, composite Reliability coefficient, and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient) of questionnaires indicated that the measurement tools are of good reliability and validity. The results of the research by SMART-PLS software and using t test statistics and path coefficients (β) showed that social capital has strong, direct and significant impact on organizational learning and organizational performance. Also, social capital has strong, direct, indirect and significant impact on the organizational performance. On the other hand, organizational learning can play the mediating role in the relationship between social capitals on organizational performance. On the other hand, social capital can improve the positive effect that organizational learning has on the organizational performance as a moderating variable.

The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between social capital among employees with their job performance in Tehran's Forensic Medicine Organization. The study population consisted of all the employees of Tehran's Forensic Medicine Organization in 2015 that based on available statistics are 120 employees that because of limited statistical population, sampling has not been done. To collect data, two instruments were used to measure including social capital questionnaire of Nahapiet and Ghoshal (1998), with average reliability coefficient of 93% and job performance questionnaire of Hersey and Goldsmith Achiu model with average reliability coefficient of 88%. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the data and to analyze and evaluate the research hypotheses; test of inferential statistics including univariate regression analysis was used. While confirming the research hypotheses, results showed: Structural, cognitive and communicative dimensions of social capital of employees have an increasing and positive impact on their job performance and this effect is statistically significant.