درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Purpose: Present research was conducted aimed to investigate the pathology and ranking of organizational syndromes in Iran education and present its model. Methodology: This study in terms of purpose was applied and in terms of implementation method was combined (qualitative and quantitative). The research population in the qualitative section was the documents and texts of education pathology and experts in this field and in the quantitative section were the managers and teachers of Isfahan and Yasuj cities in 2019-20 academic year. The research sample in the qualitative section were 10 people who were selected according to the principle of theoretical saturation by purposive and snowballs sampling methods and in the quantitative section were 375 people who were selected according to Krejcie and Morgan table by multi-stage cluster sampling method according to the proportion of the ratio volume of cities. Data were collected by methods of take noting, semi-structured interview and researcher-made questionnaire whose psychometric indicators were confirmed. The qualitative data were analyzed with methods of open, axial and selective coding and quantitative data were analyzed with methods of exploratory factor analysis, Friedman test and structural equation modeling in MAXQDA-18, SPSS-25 and LISREL-8.8 software. Findings: The findings of the qualitative section showed that in Iran education there were 78 indicators and 17 organizational syndromes including structural alienation, discrimination and politicking, immobility, incompatibility, pressure, structural mastery, explosive, tension and distress, narcissistic, caution, impulsive, non-commitment, neglect, terrorism, group thinking, lack of communication and silence. The findings of the quantitative section showed that in Iran education, respectively the syndromes of narcissistic, lack of communication, discrimination and politicking, group thinking, structural alienation, tension and distress, structural mastery, caution, pressure, terrorism, neglect, immobility, explosive, incompatibility, non-commitment, impulsive and silence had higher rankings. Other findings showed that the organizational syndromes model had a good fit and all of them had a significant effect on organizational syndromes (P<0.05). Conclusion: According to the identified syndromes and their effect, in order to improve the performance and effectiveness of the education organization, can be reduced the negative effect of the syndromes by improving the activities and relationships internal-organization and external-organization.

Purpose: The present research was conducted to discover the possible relationship between self-esteem and the receptive skills of EFL learners in Iran across genders. Methodology: The design of the study was correlational or ex post facto design. The researchers used three instruments for data collection in the current study. A language proficiency test to measure the participants’ proficiency level, Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory and finally two tests of listening and reading adopted from Preliminary English Test. To begin the research, in order to clear the language proficiency level of the learners, the researchers gave all learners a language proficiency test in Payame Noor University in Tabriz. After the test, the researchers finally selected 52 candidates whose test scores were between one SD below and above the mean as the homogeneous sample for further data collection. Then they collected some parts of the data from Coopersmith's self-esteem questionnaire to find out the learners’ self-esteem. Finally, they gathered the last part of the data which was the learners’ receptive skills from two tests of listening and reading adopted from PET. With the intention of testing all the research hypotheses, the researchers ran Pearson correlation analysis as the chief statistical analysis. Findings: The Results showed a significant correlation between the self-esteem and reading skill of the learners across genders. Also no relationship could be found between the self-esteem and listening skill of the learners across genders. Conclusion: From the findings, self-esteem had deep-seated and improved positive possessions on reading performances of the learner. But when it comes to listening performance, not self-esteem, but most linguistic knowledge and strategy use, mark the failure or success of a learner. It seems that there are some other factors of which affect the process of listening comprehension

Purpose: An important facet in learning a language is expanding reading comprehension capability. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the impact of implementation bias tasks through cooperative learning and gender on the reading comprehension process of Iranian intermediate EFL learners. Methodology: Two groups of 30 learners took part as a control group and an experimental group. Primarily the participants took The Preliminary English Test (PET) as a reading comprehension pretest. Then the experimental group instructed through the precepts of bias tasks in cooperative learning. However, the control group instructed through traditional instruction. Finally, the participants took the reading comprehension post-test. Findings: The result of two-way ANCOVA revealed that bias tasks through cooperative learning improved EFL learners' reading comprehension skills. Conclusion: Also, findings demonstrated that the means reading scores did not differ noticeably between male and female groups on both pretest and posttest. This task in cooperative learning can be utilized either in the classroom or in instructors' training.

Purpose: The objective of the present study was to validate the evaluation model of the quality of combined education in higher education based on the CIPP evaluation approach. Methodology: The present study was applied in terms of objective, and cross-sectional in terms of method and data collection. The statistical population included students of the Islamic Azad University of Tehran in 2020 and 140 students participated in this study by power analysis sampling method. A researcher-made questionnaire on a 5-point Likert scale including 9 main categories, 20 sub-categories and 83 items was used for data collection. Convergent validity, divergent validity and Heterotrait-Monotrait Ratio (HTMT) were used to validate the questionnaire and a value greater than 0.7 was obtained from all categories. The reliability of the questionnaire was investigated using Cronbach's alpha, composite reliability and Rho coefficient and calculated greater than 0.7 in all categories. Also, the total Cronbach's alpha of the questionnaire was 0.891. In order to investigate the conceptual model of the research, the partial least squares and Smart PLS software version 2 have been used. Findings: The results showed that the use of appropriate evaluation methods leads to students' increasing knowledge and skills. Finally, this growth will lead to satisfaction with the quality of education, practicality and field of study. Conclusion: According to the study results, it was found that the appropriate selection of managers by increasing the capability and utility of their role will pave the way for appropriate methods of evaluation.

Purpose: This research was conducted with the aim of studying the relationship between school culture and social climate governing school with academic ethics and mediating role of educational buoyancy. Methodology: The present study is descriptive, cross-sectional, purposeful, applied, and essentially a descriptive survey. It has been surveyed by a questionnaire. The statistical population of the study was all boys' high school students in Bojnourd city who were 5172 people. Of these, 382 were selected by relative sampling according to the Morgan table for participation in the research. The research tools consisted of Alessandro and Sadh School Culture (1997), Social Psychosocial Class Questionnaire (Frazer, Giddings and McBurby, 1995), Educational Buoyancy Questionnaire (Hossein Chari and Dehghanizadeh, 2012), and Educational Ethics Questionnaire (Golparvar, 2010). The validity of the instrument was of formal and content type, while its reliability calculated by Cronbach's alpha coefficient for school culture questionnaire turned out to be 0.939, Psycho-social 0.84, academic buoyancy 0.837 and academic ethics 0.869. Data were collected from questionnaires using descriptive statistics (frequency distribution, mean, standard deviation and calculation of central indicators and dispersion); to find the results of the research hypotheses, inferential tests including multiple regression analysis was employed using SPSS software (version 19). Also to test the validity of the theoretical model and calculate the effect coefficients Structural Equation Modeling Method with Lisrel 8.8 software was used. Findings: The results showed that there is a relationship between school culture and social climate governing school with students' academic ethics. There is also a relationship between school culture and students' academic buoyancy. Also, academic buoyancy has a mediator role in relation to school culture and students' academic ethics (p> 0.05). Conclusion: The findings show that there is a relationship between school culture and students’ educational ethics, so by upgrading and strengthening school culture, students' academic ethos will be consolidated. Also, school culture has a positive and significant effect on the basic psychological needs of autonomy, competence and communication.

Purpose: This study aimed to plan and validate the product creativity evaluation model in architectural education. According to three product creativity evaluation models: CPAM, CSDS and PCMI. Methodology: The research was applied in terms of purpose and in terms of data collection among descriptive studies was correlational and in terms of method was mixed exploratory research. The statistical population in the qualitative section included all experts in education and creativity in Mashhad. A sample of 10 people was selected by purposive sampling using the principles of theoretical saturation from the mentioned community. In the quantitative part, the statistical population included all university professors in the field of architecture in Mashhad, and 150 people were selected by random sampling. The required data was collected in the summer of 2020 using semi-structured interviews and upstream documents in the qualitative phase. The measurement tool in the quantitative section was a researcher-made questionnaire whose construct validity was calculated using factor analysis, and the reliability value through Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.82. The researcher carried out qualitative data analysis using the thematic analysis coding approach developed by Braun and Clarke and quantitative data analysis using the partial least squares method. Findings: The results revealed that five components with 12 indicators make the status of novelty with two markers of originality and surprise. Relevance to the problem includes two indicators of regulatory compliance and practicality. In addition, the effectiveness of solutions has three indicators, namely meeting the needs of contacts, being environmentally friendly, and having durability. Design elements include two indicators, details (well-defined component) and elegance, and the collection of design elements contains the three indicators of harmonization, completeness, and well-formation (well-crafted) at the 95% confidence interval (p = .001). In addition, confirmed element analysis of the obtained components revealed that all factor loads were significant, and there is an acceptable agreement between the creativity model of architectural design products and the data. The heavy element load related to novelty (0.91) and the light one are related to the collection of design elements. Conclusion: Based on the findings, it can be concluded that according to the experts, the factor of novelty, such as originality and surprise, along with functional factors such as relevance, effectiveness, and artistic factors consisting of the design of elements, and the collection of design elements affects the designing creativity evaluation model of problem-solving results.

Purpose: The purpose of this current research is to design and formulate a decentralized curriculum for primary schools in Iran. Methodology: The methodology is qualitative research from content analyzing of comparison-categorizing system, which includes three steps. In the first step, decentralized and extracting its parameters, international dissertations and researches in connection with subject of the research in qualitative analyzing method were investigated and studied. In the second step, after concluding the findings, the final curriculum pattern was formulated including decentralized curriculum (objectives and contents, teaching-learning methods, evaluation). In the third step, measuring-descriptive methodology was used by making use of factor-analysis for evaluating the credibility of suggested model from viewpoints of experts and specialists. The realm of research was all books and written references on decentralized curriculum that were selected by purposeful sampling. Due to the abundance of various available printed and digital references, those ones from 2000 to 2015 were used. Data collection tools were researcher-made charts and tokens, which were used for collecting categories and elements of decentralized curriculum. Faculty members, specialists and experts’ viewpoints were used for reliability of the research. Findings: The After taking opinions and revising, the final framework was formulated. For increasing the credibility of the research, ultimate attention and care were taken in order to prepare tokens. On quality of research, 467 conceptual codes were extracted, 23 main parameters were achieved which were used for formulating decentralized curriculum. A research-made questionnaire was designed in order to evaluate the conceptual structure of the research and it was reviewed by 200 specialists and experts, and then it finally was approved after carrying out a factor-analyzing showing that most of articles had proper weigh-factor which means all standard coefficients were within 0.3 to 0.6. On the other hand, the articles put proper weigh-factors on their factors. Conclusion: This current research as a non-intensive curriculum model for Iranian elementary schools is usable for curriculum designers and authorities of Ministry of Education who have stepped forward efficiently to give more authorities to education organization of provinces.

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to design and validate a model for empowering primary teachers based on the study lesson approach using experts' opinion. Methodology: This was an applied qualitative study based on the aim and the nature of the data, respectively. The study population in the qualitative part of the research included education experts and top teachers in education areas. The sample size in the qualitative part was selected using the theoretical saturation principle and purposive sampling method. Data collection was carried out using interview. The validity and reliability of the instruments were evaluated and confirmed. In the qualitative part, data analysis was performed using theoretical coding in MAXQDA software and grounded theory method. Findings: The results of factor analysis showed that out of 120 available indicators (items), 18 main components were identified. Accordingly, the components of knowledge, skills, attitudes as constituent factors and individual factors, organizational factors and group factors were identified as effective factors. Conclusion: The results also showed a significant difference between the scores of teachers who participated and not participate in the lesson study process in terms of the standards of educational design and planning, creating and maintaining a learning atmosphere, implementing and conducting teaching, measuring and communicating with learning outcomes, evaluation and reflection on learning and teaching, more cooperation from teachers, activities to strengthen content knowledge and educational technology. Therefore, it can be stated that lesson study approach can lead to the development of teachers' abilities.

Purpose: Considering rich theoretical underpinnings of positive psychology (PP), the current study aimed to investigate the effects of an extra educational curriculum on the basis of PP on distress and attainment of Iranian high school students who are living in dormitories in boarding schools. Methodology: This is an empirical study with a post-test only control group design in which a sample of 346 male students were selected through convenience sampling from two boarding schools in Qom city during 2018-2019. A translated and validated version of K10 distress questionnaire (Kessler et al, 2010) was administered to them and 67 students with high distress symptoms were identified and randomly allocated to a control group (N=23), experimental group one (N= 22) and experimental group two (N=22). First, the experimental group underwent 16 sessions (twice a week for 90 minutes) of PP curriculum integrated with religious counseling. Employing a post-test only control-group design, the group’s performance on a distress scale (Goldberg, 1981) and their mean scores were compared after the intervention. Kruskal-Wallis and ANOVA tests were used to compare differences between the groups. Findings: Findings revealed that positive curriculum alleviated distress symptoms of the experimental groups vis-à-vis the control (χ2 (2) = 52.851, p ≤ 0.001). Also, to investigate the effect of the intervention on educational attainment, their semester mean scores were analyzed through ANOVA (F = 8.244(2, 66), p≤0.001) where promising results were obtained. Conclusion: It was concluded that both interventions exerted meaningful effects on the attainment and distress of dorm-living students. Also, follow-up studies added proof on the permanence of the effects.

Purpose : In order to achieve sustainable economic growth, the existence of a competitive market and equal conditions for all economic enterprises is essential, and in Iran the sixth five-year economic, social and cultural development plan has been designed for this purpose. As a result, the aim of this study was the legal analysis of the competitive dimensions of the sixth five-year economic, social and cultural development plan. Methodology : This research in terms of purpose was applied and in terms of implementation method was a qualitative research with a descriptive approach, which in the competitive dimensions of the sixth five-year economic, social and cultural development plan are reviewed and analyzed. Findings : The findings showed that the sixth five-year economic, social and cultural development plan in several cases and clauses pays attention to creating competition in the market, and the government is obliged to provide competition for all economic enterprises in the country. The mentioned program uses variety strategies for economic, social and cultural development such as reducing the role of government ownership, accelerating the privatization process and economic transparency. Conclusion : The results indicate that if the variety strategies in the sixth five-year economic, social and cultural development plan are realized, we can expect change and transformation in the economic market and sustainable economic growth.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of both work to family enrichment and family to work enrichment on family satisfaction and work satisfaction. The moderating role of positive and negative affectivity is also examined in this regard. Methodology : This Study is an empirical survey research with the statistical population of faculty members of Iran’s universities. The research questionnaires were distributed among professors of five premier universities of Tehran. 200 people were used by simple random sampling. Carlson et al. (2000), Carlson, Kacmar, and Williams (2000), Brayfield and Crockett (1955), Schumm, McCollum, Bugaighis, Jurich, and Bollman (1986) and Agho et al. (1992) questionnaires were used and research hypotheses were tested through structural equation modeling by PLS software. Findings : The results showed that according to path coefficient, work family enrichment has a positive and significant effect on faculty members’ job satisfaction (0.7562) and family satisfaction (0.7362) both T-statistics are upper than 1.96. Positive affectivity enhances these relationships as a moderating variable (0.6423). However, negative affectivity had no significant effect on the relationship between work family enrichment and family and job satisfaction (both T-statistics are lower than 1.96). Conclusion : positive aspects of work family interface, in other words, work family enrichment in comparison with work family conflict variable should be considered as an important variable in psychology of family and organization. The issue of work family enrichment in the scientific jobs of faculty members of universities which have distinctive job qualifications compared with other jobs could have a significant effect in job and family satisfaction

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of interactional management style on academic adjustment, mathematical anxiety, and academic engagement in elementary sixth grade students. Methodology : This research was applied in terms of purpose and quasi-experimental in terms of method and with pre-test-post-test design with experimental group and control group. The statistical population consisted of all male students of the elementary sixth grade of district 3 of Tabriz city with a total of 3721 students in the academic year of 2018-2019. The sample size was 57 persons (29 experimental and 28 control) and selected by purposive sampling method. Clark academic adjustment questionnaire, Shokrani mathematical anxiety questionnaire, and Schofley and Becker academic engagement questionnaires were used for data collection. The interactional management style was also implemented based on the researcher-designed package. Descriptive and inferential statistical methods including univariate and multivariate analysis of covariance were used for data analysis. Findings : Results showed that after applying an interactive management style, the mean of academic adjustment in the experimental group was significantly higher than the control group. The mean of mathematical anxiety and its components (mathematical test anxiety and anxiety of mathematical nature) in the experimental group were significantly lower than the control group. The mean of academic engagement and its components (ability, commitment, and attraction) in the experimental group were significantly higher than the control group. Conclusion : The study concluded that teacher-student interaction improved academic engagement and academic adaptation and reduced student math anxiety.

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to present a model of factors affecting organizational vitality in public organizations (case study: public organizations of Mazandaran province). Methodology : This was an applied and quantitative study. The study population included employees of public organizations in Mazandaran province in 2019, 246 of whom were selected based on Cochran's formula and using cluster sampling method. The data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire on barriers to organizational vitality and were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis and structural equation modeling in SPSS and Amos software. Fidning s: The results showed that the barriers to organizational vitality included nine factors, 49 components and 120 concepts. The management factor includes five components, the individual factor includes six components, the organizational factor includes six components, the economic factor includes seven components, the political factor includes five components, the physical environment factor includes five components, the religious-value factor includes six components, the technological factor includes four components, socio-cultural factor includes five components. Besides, the factor loading of all 49 components was higher than 0.40 and the reliability of all nine factors was higher than 0.70. Also, all nine factors had a positive significant effect on barriers to organizational vitality so that the individual and political factors had the greatest and the lowest effect, respectively (P<0.001). Conclusion : The results of the present research have practical implications for experts and organizational planners, and can help them design and implement programs to reduce barriers to organizational vitality