درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the personality characteristics of single-child, two-child and multiple-child students in Sari. Methodology: This study was a descriptive-comparative study. The statistical population of this study included all male and female students of first, second and third grade high schools of public and private schools in Sari in the academic year of 2018-19. The sample of the study population was 370 people using random sampling method based on Morgan table. In order to predict the decrease of subjects, the tests were performed on 500 people, but finally 324 questionnaires were completed. Demographic and personality questionnaires were completed by the 5-item Neo. Data was analyzed by SPSS software using descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis of variance at the significant level of 0.05. Findings: The results showed that there was a significant difference between the characteristics of neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness of students belonging to single-parent, two-parent and multi-child families (p <0.05). Also, no significant gender differences were found among the five personality traits of male and female students of single, two and multiple children (p <0.05). Conclusion: Student personality traits of single-child, two-child and multiple-child families. Happiness, life satisfaction and hope for the future are higher in single-parent families than single-parent families. In the present study, the agreement and extraversion of single children were higher than two children and multi children. Extraversion also includes traits such as positive thinking, happiness, life satisfaction and hope for the future. To illustrate this incongruity, it can be stated that single children in their families do not have conflicts with their peers and always remain in the strong position of the first child who has no successor and who has not been affected by the birth of the next child. Cause higher extravasation of this stratum.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effective components on assessment the quality of educational services in education and provide a model for it. Methodology: This study in terms of purpose was applied and in terms of implementation method was qualitative. The research population was articles of related to research and management experts in the field of educational services in Tehran, which according to the principle of theoretical saturation, number of 10 people of them were selected as the sample by purposive sampling method. The research tool was a semi-structured interview that lasted 30 to 45 minutes for each person and its structure and internal validity and its external reliability was confirmed. Data were analyzed with coding method in NVIVO software version 10. Findings: According to the analysis, the main theme of assessment the quality of educational services in education had 44 free themes in the form of 9 sub-themes including research activities, teachers, curriculum, school physical environment, learning resources, learning process, cultural-religious activities, cultural activities and sports activities. Conclusion: According to the results, to improve the quality of educational services in education can be done by improving the sub-themes and free themes of each of them until provide a basis for improving and promoting the education system.

Iranian women have faced substantial socio-economic changes in the last decades, which provided opportunities to change gender beliefs and production of new generations of women. The aim of the present study is to examine the different attitudes of women towards gender roles, based on Mannheim and Giddens` theory. A survey method was used and data was gathered based on a researcher-made questionnaire. The statistical population was all women older than 18 years living in Rasht City, among them 384 were selected by the stratified and random sampling methods. According to the findings, respondents were divided into three generations: the war and revolution generation, the post-war generation, and the generation of nuclear events. The results indicate the difference between the attitudes of different generations and even by controlling the structural and demographic factors, it was found that the women of the post-war generation affected by cognitive areas, had the most modern attitudes towards gender roles. According to Mannheim`s generational approach, there is a significant relationship between the generational experience and the attitudes of generations.