سید رسول حسینی

این پژوهش با هدف بررسی نقش نگرش کارآفرینانه در عملکرد شغلی مدارس شهرستان دماوند انجام شد. روش تحقیق کاربردی و توصیفی بود. جامعه آماری این پژوهش را کلیه مدیران و معاونان مدارس (دولتی) شهرستان دماوند در سال تحصیلی 97-97 تشکیل می دهند که معادل 218 نفر می باشد. حجم نمونه آماری با استفاده از فرمول کوکران حدود 139 نفر به روش نمونه گیری تصادفی طبقه انتخاب شدند. برای جمع آوری داده ها از پرسشنامه ابزار استفاده شد. داده ها با استفاده از نرم افزار SPSS تجزیه و تحلیل و تحلیل قرار گرفت. برای ارزیابی روایی پرسشنامه تحقیق از روایی سازه و برای تحلیل پایایی آن از ضریب آلفای کرونباخ استفاده شد. یافته ها نشان داد که بین نگرش کارآفرینانه و عملکرد شغلی مدیران مدارس رابطه معناداری وجود دارد و بین چهار بعد از نگرش و عملکرد شغلی رابطه معناداری وجود دارد. همچنین وضعیت فعلی نگرش کارآفرینانه و عملکردی مدیران شهرستان دماوند مطلوب است. نتایج به دست آمده از هدف اولیه پژوهش نشان داد که بین نگرش کارآفرینانه و عملکرد حرفه ای مدیران شهرستان دماوند رابطه مثبت و معناداری وجود دارد. این بدان معناست که هر چه نگرش کارآفرینانه مدیران مدارس بالاتر باشد، عملکرد حرفه ای آنها نیز بالاتر خواهد بود. همچنین تحلیل رگرسیون پژوهش نشان داد که از بین چهار بعد از نگرش کارآفرینانه، بعد از نفس قوی ترین بود. و بعد از موفقیت مداری ضعیف ترین پیش بینی کننده عملکرد شغلی در بین مدیران و معاونان مدارس (دولتی) شهرستان دماوند بود. در نهایت می توان گفت که با طراحی دوره های آموزشی مناسب در زمینه مسائل کارآفرینی و نگرش کارآفرینانه می توان عملکرد حرفه ای به ویژه موفقیت مدیران را ارتقا داد.

Purpose: Entrepreneurship development is one of the important concepts of recent decades that higher education has an important role in promoting it. As a result, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the status of entrepreneurship development levels in the Iranian university system. Methodology: This study was a descriptive from type of survey. The research population was managers of calligraphy organizations and professors of entrepreneurship disciplines of country in 2020 year. The research sample was 72 people who were selected by cluster sampling method and answered the researcher-made questionnaire of entrepreneurship development in the university system (82 questions). The face and content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by 20 experts and its reliability by Cronbach's alpha method was obtained 0.91. Data were analyzed by binomial test in SPSS software. Findings: Findings showed that the entrepreneurship development in the Iranian university system at the institutional level (and its components including cultural factors and social factors) and policy level (and its components including actors in the field of entrepreneurship areas, entrepreneurial elements, policy-making stages and policy-making institutions) was above the average and at the individual level (and its components including individual factors and psychological factors) was below the average (P<0.05). Conclusion: According to the findings of the present study, officials and planners of entrepreneurship development in the Iranian university system should take steps to improve the curriculum and holding entrepreneurship training courses in order to improving the individual level of entrepreneurship development and the personal and psychological characteristics of entrepreneurs

Purpose: The aim of this study was to design an effective school model based on the model of learning organization in primary school in Tehran. Methodology: The research method was a combined research method (qualitative and quantitative) by grounded theory method and structural equation model by quantitative method. The research population was in the qualitative section of university professors specializing in primary education and in the quantitative section were experts in the field of education in Tehran in 2009-2010. Twelve people were selected as a sample in the qualitative section by purposeful method from university professors and 196 experts and specialists in education in Tehran were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling. The research tool was a semi-structured interview in the qualitative part of the interview and a researcher-made questionnaire in the quantitative part of the effectiveness of the learning schools. The data were analyzed in the qualitative part by the grounded method of exploratory theory and in the quantitative part by the structural equation model test and factor analysis. Findings: The results showed that the model of confirmatory factor analysis of the first stage and the relevant factor were: empowerment of human resources (with a factor of 0.926), establishment of teaching and learning system (with a factor of 0.910), extracurricular activities (with a factor of 0.914), Competencies of managers (with a factor of 0.910), competencies of teachers (with a factor of 0.978), educational policies (with a factor of 0.934), technological facilities (with a factor of 0.905). Conclusion: Based on the research findings, it can be said that the priority factors of effective schools are: First priority: Empowerment of human resources, Second priority: Establishment of teaching and learning system, Third priority: Extracurricular activities, Fourth priority: Competencies of principals, Fifth priority: Teachers' competencies, Sixth priority: Educational policies, Seventh priority: Technological facilities.