Reverse learning

Purpose : The objective of this study was to compare effectiveness of reverse and cooperative learning methods on creativity and academic self-efficacy of female senior high school students. Methodology : This was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test design and the control group. The study population consisted of female senior high school students in Ahvaz during the academic year 2019-2020. The research sample was 90 people who were randomly selected from three classes of a school and two classes were selected as experimental groups (reverse and cooperative learning) and a class was selected as a control group. Each experimental group was trained in 10 sessions of 75 min by reverse and cooperative learning methods and the control group received no training. The research tools were Abedi (1993) Creativity Test Questionnaire and Morgan-Jinks (1999) Student Efficacy Scale. The data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance and Bonferroni post hoc test using SPSS-22 software. Findings : The study results showed that experimental and control groups were significantly different in terms of creativity and academic self-efficacy (P <0.05). In other words, reverse and cooperative learning methods increased creativity and academic self-efficacy compared to the control group (P <0.05), but no significant difference was found between them in terms of creativity and academic self-efficacy (P> 0.05). Conclusion : Regarding the effectiveness of both learning methods and no significant difference between them, both reverse and cooperative learning methods can be used to increase creativity and academic self-efficacy.

Considering the recent change in teaching methods from teacher-centered to student-centered, and the existence of a gap in student-centered education models, this research aimed to design a reverse learning model and investigate the effectiveness of the resulted educational program on the academic engagement and the sense of belonging to the school of the senior high school students. The research was developmental in nature, with a sequential exploratory mixed-method design adopting meta-synthesis and quasi-experimental approach. The research scope included all scientific articles and documents published from 2011 to 2021. The validity of the articles was checked via the CASP, the validity and reliability of the meta-synthesis was checked by the Laushe and the Scott’s pi tests respectively. Finally, to implement the educational intervention, 40 male and female senior high school students of Bukan were selected by standardized random sampling method and assigned to two groups of experimental and control. The research instruments included Rio's academic engagement questionnaire (2013), Brown and Evans' (2002) sense of belonging to school questionnaire as well as the researcher designed reverse learning package. Based on the meta-synthesis of the related studies, 4 categories, 8 concepts, and 23 codes for reverse learning were discovered, labeled, and confirmed based on which, a training package was designed and implemented in 10 sessions of 45 minutes. The results showed that reverse learning model has a positive and significant effect on students' academic engagement and belonging to school (sig<0.05).