Tehran

Purpose: On the other hand, fatigue is one of the most important indicators of aging syndrome. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the level of physical activity and fatigue in elderly residents of rest homes in Tehran. Method: This was a descriptive correlational study in which 20 rest homes located in Tehran province constituted the study population. By visiting rest homes, the eligible subjects were chosen. Physical activity was measured by the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE). The FACIT Fatigue Scale is a short, 13-item, easy to administer tool that measures an individual’s level of fatigue during their usual daily activities over the past week. Nutritional status was evaluated by mini nutritional assessment (MNA). Results: The results of statistical analysis indicated a significant and positive correlation between PASE and FACIT scores (r=0.48, p<0.01) while, there was a significant negative correlation between FACIT score and age (r=-0.23, p<0.01). Also, there was a significant positive correlation between MNA and FACIT (r=0.40, p<0.01). In addition, a significant positive correlation was found between MNA and PASE score (r=0.31, p<0.01). Conclusions: The findings of this study indicate that holding sports classes under the supervision of exercise physiologists is an essential matter to increase health and prevent age-related complications in elderly residents of Tehran rest homes.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the methods of coping with coronavirus anxiety and the mental health of female athletes aged 30-50 years participating in aerobics and non-athletes in Tehran. Method: This study was both descriptive and causal-comparative in nature. The study's statistical population consisted of all female athletes aged 30 to 50 years in the field of aerobics and non-athletes in Tehran in the year 2021-2022. In this study, 50 female athletes from Tehran's 1nd district were selected through a voluntarily sampling method, while 50 non-athletic women voluntarily participated in the study. Data were collected using the 12-GHQ Mental Health Scale (Goldberg & Williams, 1988) and the Stress Coping Styles Scale (Endler & Parker, 1990). Data analysis was performed using SPSS24 software, employing multivariate statistical analysis of variance. Results: The research findings indicate a significant difference in coping styles between female athletes and non-athletes. Specifically, the score for problem-oriented coping style in female athletes was higher than that in non-athletes (P<0.05). The score for emotion-oriented coping style was also higher in female athletes compared to non-athletic women (P<0.05). However, the score for avoidance coping style in female athletes was lower than in non-athletic women (P<0.05). Regarding mental health, the average score for mental health in female aerobics participants was lower than that in non-athletes (P<0.05). A lower score in mental health is considered indicative of better mental health. Therefore, it can be concluded that female athletes have better mental health compared to non-athletic females. Conclusion: The study's results suggest that female athletes and non-athletes have different coping styles when dealing with coronavirus anxiety. Female athletes tend to employ problem-oriented and emotion-oriented coping styles more frequently, while non-athletes are inclined toward avoidance coping style. Furthermore, female athletes demonstrate better mental health than their non-athletic counterparts.

The aim of this study was to investigate the status of cognitive components of media literacy in the optimal use of social media in adolescents in Tehran. The study method is a survey and the statistical sample is 425 adolescents in Tehran in the eleventh and twelfth grades. Our statistical sample was selected as a cluster and randomly from schools in five areas of Tehran (north, south, west, east, and center), and the data using they were designed from a questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS and AMOS software. Findings showed that according to the level of significance and statistical value of t, media cognition on technological cognition and epistemological cognition, content production has a positive and significant effect on cognitive and technological cognition and media cognition, as well as epistemological cognition on technological cognition. Friedman found that technological knowledge has the highest and media knowledge has the lowest in terms of the desired situation.

The how and why of Tehran development and construction of its Citadel has always been of interest to researchers. At the same time, Issues such as its time of obtaining importance and prosperity on the one hand, and establishing and appellation of its Citadel as the most important official complex of the Qajar period on the other, are among the concerns mostly ignored by the scholars. Addressing the above- raised questions, the present study has been analyzing the development time of the city as well as construction and name of its Citadel by checking reliable historical references and also scrutinizing the related assumptions regarding them.

Urban farms can have the potential to have a great impact on the stability of crowded cities. The purpose of the present study is discovering the effective design-based components in developing urban agriculture in the viewpoint of Tehran’s urban managers. It is assumed that the design-based development of urban agriculture improves economic conditions and also food security for Tehran’s citizens. A combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods were used in this research. In the qualitative section of the research, analysis of the influential factors was carried out. Then in order to assess the credibility of the obtained data and obtaining the opinions of the managers, the Delphi method was used. Afterwards, their opinions were gauged and categorized using Shannon’s Entropy. The statistical population in this study consisted of 71 city managers and the consultants on designing city spaces who had over 10 years of experience on the job. Quantitative analysis of the data was carried out using the SPSS 22 statistical software. The results showed that establishing and developing design-based urban farming could lead to elevated qualities of environment, food security and economic well-being more than any other factor.

Light and lighting encompass different dimensions of urban life, thus the harmony and coordination of this process with environment and urban space is of great importance. Due to the importance of mental patterns in urban planning, present article analyzes the relation between mental dimensions of lighting and the spatial improvement of Tehran metropolis. The present article is developmental and applied in objectives and uses a descriptive-analytic method. At the same time, it takes advantage of statistical techniques such as factor analysis, correlation, t test and regression. The investigations indicate that lighting influences 3 different parameters, tourism, safety, attractiveness of the environment. Undoubtedly, the quality of urban lighting is considered to be especially important in attracting citizens to these textures. Therefore, it is necessary to improve lighting quality in the process of designing our urban textures. Findings show that the residents of the case study area have a low level of satisfaction regarding the quality of lighting.

Given that identity and wisdom are considered fundamental criteria for sustainability and vitality, incorporating these two elements into the physical structure of a neighbourhood is essential for creating a stable and thriving community. The aim of this research is to examine the role of identity components and wisdom indicators in the architecture of historical neighbourhoods in fostering community vitality. The research method employed in this article is descriptive-analytical, relying on library studies and field observations. Spiritual principles and cultural beliefs form the backbone of a valuable and dynamic architecture. On the other hand, every constructed space serves as an expression of the type of cognition and design assumptions. Cultural foundations provide the basis for shaping space, and the constructive spirituality and characteristics of the built environment depict the essential elements shaping spiritual concepts in the material form of architectural spaces. In architectural wisdom, symbolism plays a more active role in terms of functionality, and the symbolic execution has a greater impact on the efficiency of architectural structures. What this article discusses and investigates are components such as decorations, proportions, unity, appropriate functions in desirable urban land uses, city colour, and geometry in shaping spaces. The unity among the wisdom indicators in the Hasanabad neighbourhood has resulted in residents still experiencing a sense of vitality, emotional connection, and tranquillity in their lives many years after the formation of this neighbourhood.

Purpose: Organizational health within schools significantly influences teacher well-being, professional efficacy, and student outcomes. This study aimed to identify and explain the dimensions and components of organizational health among middle school teachers in Tehran, focusing on how individual, organizational, and environmental factors contribute to the overall health of educational institutions. Methodology: Adopting a qualitative research design, this study engaged 26 middle school teachers from Tehran through semi-structured interviews. The participants were selected purposively to ensure a diverse representation of experiences and viewpoints. Data collection continued until theoretical saturation was reached, and thematic analysis was employed to identify and analyze the emerging themes related to organizational health. Findings: The study revealed that individual factors such as motivation, professional development, and job satisfaction; organizational factors including leadership, communication, and organizational culture; and environmental factors like policy influence and community engagement are critical to the organizational health of schools. These factors together create a comprehensive framework affecting the overall effectiveness and well-being of educational settings. Conclusion: The findings underscore the importance of addressing both the internal and external components of organizational health in schools. A holistic approach that considers individual, organizational, and environmental factors is essential for fostering a positive educational environment, supporting teacher well-being, and enhancing student achievement. The study provides valuable insights for educational leaders, policymakers, and practitioners aiming to improve the organizational health of schools.

Purpose: The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the Coping Abilities Workshop, a structured intervention designed to enhance self-regulation, improve social performance, and reduce aggression among first to third-grade primary school students exhibiting signs of Oppositional Defiant Disorder in Tehran, District 2. Methodology: This randomized controlled trial involved 60 students, evenly divided into an intervention and a control group. Each group comprised 30 participants, and the intervention spanned eight weeks, with follow-up assessments conducted three months post-intervention. Measurements for self-regulation, social performance, and aggression were taken using standardized tools at three time points: pre-intervention, post-intervention, and follow-up. The data were analyzed using ANOVA with repeated measures and Bonferroni post-hoc tests, utilizing SPSS software version 27. Findings: Significant improvements were observed in the intervention group compared to the control. Post-intervention results showed substantial increases in self-regulation (mean pre = 32.45, SD = 4.12; mean post = 45.67, SD = 3.56) and social performance (mean pre = 28.54, SD = 2.95; mean post = 40.26, SD = 2.45), along with a notable reduction in aggression (mean pre = 35.60, SD = 5.12; mean post = 20.22, SD = 4.75). These effects were maintained at the three-month follow-up, indicating the lasting impact of the intervention. Conclusion: The Coping Abilities Workshop significantly enhanced self-regulation and social performance while effectively reducing aggression among primary school students with Oppositional Defiant Disorder. The intervention proved to have a sustainable impact, suggesting its potential for broader application in similar educational and behavioral settings.

Calligraphy in Islamic art is regarded as sacred due to its connection with the divine word. The Quran itself references the sanctity of the pen, the value of writing, and swears by them. Inscriptions are the only visual elements that directly carry meaning and hold significant importance in the architectural structures of the Islamic period in Iran from both visual and content perspectives. The aim of this paper is to achieve favorable results in response to the following questions: What were the goals and exp Study and Analysis of the Inscriptions Arrays of Imam Mosque in Tehran.ectations of the designers and writers in composing and designing the inscriptions? What elements and components shaped the themes of the mosque's inscriptions? The results of field and library studies indicate that the artists' goal in writing and designing the inscriptions was to create a building worthy of the Muslim community that would attract the attention of every viewer and provide spiritual tranquility. Additionally, the expectation of the designers and writers in composing these inscriptions was to immortalize their memory in the field of art and architecture. Based on the study and analysis of the inscriptions, it appears that most of the inscriptions in Imam (Shah) Mosque are derived from the Quran and contain poems praising FathAliShah, the names of Qajar kings, the names of artists, poets, and verses that indicate the date of the building's construction