land use

This paper exامینes the inter-relationship of three major phenomena- population growth, uncontrolled urban expansion and urban development in Ado Ekiti, Nigeria. Uncontrolled urban expansion has a resultant effect on the urban development of a city whereas uncontrolled urban development is caused by uncontrolled population increase is caused by Migration. This work encapsulates how population growth has affected the urban expansion and resultant land use and urban development in the city. The methodology adopted the use of both primary and secondary data: the population data from the Demography Division of the Governor’s Office and the urban growth Maps (1956 and 2006. Data were analysed and the resulting graphs extrapolated to show the relationship of population growth on urban expansion and urban land use/urban development. Results show a direct correlation between population growth and both urban expansion and land use/urban development: between 1966 and 1976 the population dropped; as reflected in the drop in urban growth in terms spatial expansion of the city and urban development as there was a decrease in urban land use for education, industrial, and other land uses. Between 1996 and 2006, the population increased; also reflected on the increase in urban growth and urban land uses. Result is useful for Physical, Economic and Strategic Planners in formulating policies for urban renewal schemes and Development Control. The result is also applicable to medium-sized and small cities, in the Developing Countries.

Urban centres in the world are undergoing facets of changes, these changes are evident in developing countries and more divergent because urban transformation in developing countries is often accompanied challenges which include traffic congestion, overcrowding, pollution and continuous land use succession. This phenomenon is not different with the central area of Minna, Nigeria. Since 2008 the central area of Minna has had different changes meant to address the problems of overcrowding, on street trading, indiscriminate waste disposal and traffic congestion. Against this background, this study assessed the changes that have occurred with implications on human settlement, generally; by exامینing the levels of land use succession, and ascertaining its implications on Minna central area. Data employed in this study includes high resolution image of the the Minna central area and socioeconomic characteristics of Minna obtained through the use of questionnaires using purposive sampling techniques. The data were corroborated with Geo-spatial analysis. The study reveals that between 2008 to 2016 there was a significant change in urban transformations in Minna central area as 75% of the residential area were converted to commercial uses, although the Minna central market was also relocated to a new site in order to address the issues, little was however achieved as this only relocated the problems to another part of the town. This study recommends that urban management and monitoring (development control) of Minna city centre and similar cities should imbibe the current SDGs approach that emphasizes participation and inclusive planning approach to urban development. 

The main purpose of this paper is to explain the factors affecting the change of service land uses in the city of Shiraz and identify its reasons. For this purpose, the second-order confirmatory factor analysis technique has been used as one of the structural equation modeling techniques to determine the severity of the effect of the four factors on land use change, through which a contributing framework for the effects of the four factors (physical, activity, economic, accessibility) on land use change is obtained. Finally, the extent and direction of the factors affecting the realization of service land uses in the city of Shiraz are explained using the structural equation model (SEM). In order to achieve these goals, 50 variables affecting 600 plots in Shiraz city are extracted through field method. The variables are investigated and analyzed using GIS maps, Amos and SPSS software, and a series of bi-variable correlations in a table called correlation matrix or covariance, the most notably of which are confirmatory factor analysis and SEM. The results of the research show that, in total, the selected four factors have a significant effect on the land use change. It is such that the standardized weights of regression for "the effect of the access factor on land use change", "the effect of the economic factor on land use change", "the effect of the activity factor on land use change", and "the effect of the physical factor on land use change" are 0.91, 0.78, 0.65, and 0.56, respectively.

The primary purpose of this research is to inves tigate the effect of land-use spatial configuration and s treet network s tructure on people's mental safety in local contexts. A review of various theoretical frameworks demons trates a feasible causal relationship between morphology and the psychological dimension of safety. Hence, this paper emphasizes the assessment of the effect of urban land configuration, which influences the movement behavior of residents, on the psychological safety of residents of mahallas is. This research begins with a review of the literature to identify the gap in the theoretical literature and carry out the problem-finding to obtain an analytical model of research to examine the proximity of uses introduced in three types of proximity. Then, parameters will be evaluated in this framework using the software.  The research inves tigates variables' interactions based on Space Syntax, spatial parameters of connectivity value, spatial integration/segregation, attractive uses, movement behavior, density, and mahallas' main and peripheral centers. The results indicate that the safety of urban areas depends on how uses are located and, consequently, on the movement behavior of users'. The comparison of the two mahallas showed that compared to Bazar, Manzarie offers a better arrangement of uses in the inner axes and sub-nodes. It es tablishes an appropriate spatial relationship between its various gravity points, thus bringing about various movement behaviors. Therefore, it displaces more people in the axes connecting different uses, allowing surveillance and spatial dynamics.

Purpose: Scientific-applied education as higher education needs coherent and structured planning. So, this study was conducted with the aim of explaining the challenges and obstacles of the application of land use planning in the development of scientific-applied higher education. Methodology: The present study was of applied in terms of purpose and qualitative in terms of implementation method. The research community of land development planning documents in 2001-2020 and experts, including faculty members, managers and experts of scientific-applied higher educations in 2021, based on the principle of theoretical saturation, 35 cases of land development planning documents and 23 experts with targeted sampling method were selected as samples. The research tools were note-taking of documents and semi-structured interviews with experts, whose validity was confirmed by the opinion of experts along with triangulation method, and the reliability was obtained by the method of agreement coefficient between multiple coders of 0.85. Finally, the data were analyzed by thematic analysis method in Maxquda-12 software. Findings: The findings showed that 50 basic themes, 8 organizing themes and 5 comprehensive themes were identified for the challenges and obstacles of land use planning in the development of scientific-applied higher education; So that comprehensive themes includhng assessment of skill training needs (with two themes organizing labor market information bank, products and products with local and regional participation and curriculum design and revision), ecosystem, ecology and regional population (with two themes organizing economic activities and commercializing scientific-applied and training, empowering and scientific-applied professional qualifications), organizing and polarizing optimally in terms of space and time (with an organizing theme of the geographical arrangement of polarization and mission-oriented scientific-applied education centers), provincial and regional governance (with an organizing theme of local partnership management) and scientific-applied higher education preparation (with two themes organizing the training, superior laws and documents, challenges and obstacles in the use and application of the preparation of the land). Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, it is possible to use the basic, organizing and comprehensive themes identified to reduce the challenges and obstacles in the application of land use planning in the development of scientific-applied higher education.

Today, global warming, increasing the Land Surface Temperature, especially in big cities, is one of the environmental problems. The purpose of this article is to estimate the ability of Sebal, improved single-channel and Split window algorithms in estimating Land Surface Temperature on Landsat 8 image data in July 2019 and extracting Land Use maps in 7 classes for Tabriz County using an object-oriented classification method. Matching the temperature maps obtained by using these three mentioned algorithms with the Land Use map and comparing the algorithms with each other in terms of the proximity of their temperature to the Tabriz station is another goal of this article. To estimate the accuracy of the measured temperature, the data of the measured temperature of the Tabriz station at two centimeters above the land (as a representative of Tabriz County) has been used. The results of Sebal, improved single-channel, and Split window algorithms showed the highest temperature for dry pasture use and the lowest temperature for vegetation use, which indicates the importance of vegetation cover in the temperature changes of the studied area. A comparison of the studied algorithms with the temperature measured in the Tabriz station and their adaptation to different uses showed that the improved single-channel algorithm is more consistent with the actual temperature of the actual Land Surface Temperature in Tabriz County. The results of this study can help environmental planners concerned about the increase in air temperature in cities to make more appropriate decisions regarding the control of this phenomenon.