مطالب

Purpose - The development of wind energy in rural areas of Iran is a promising solution to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors influencing farmers’ willingness and intention to participate in the development and advancement of wind energy. By reviewing the literature and employing an intuitively developed method, the hypothesized influential statements were identified. Design/methodology/approach- The research sample consisted of 189 participants selected through random sampling. The internal validity of questionnaire indicators was assessed by checking Cronbach's alpha coefficient and loading scores through Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The Cronbach's alpha coefficient fell within an acceptable range. Finding- The results of the study revealed that externality directly and significantly affects perceived sensitivity ( β = 0.40, p = 0.001). In addition, negative externalities have a significant positive effect on perceived severity, with a path coefficient of 0.41 ( β = 0.41, p = 0.001). The attitude towards the electricity distribution company also has a direct and significant effect on the willingness to participate in the development of wind energy ( β = 0.35, p < 0.001). The functional rationale (β = 0.17, p < 0.05) and the urgency rationale ( β = 0.34, p = 0.001) positively and significantly influence the willingness to engage in wind energy development projects. Willingness to participate in development plans has a positive and significant effect on behavioral intention ( β = 0.66, p = 0.001). The squared multiple correlations for sensitivity, perceived severity, desire to participate in wind energy development projects, and behavioral intention to participate are 0.16, 0.17, 0.33, and 0.22, respectively (R 2 Sensit = 0.16, R 2 Sever = 0.17, R 2 Desire = 0.33, R 2 Intent = 0.22). The results of this survey, in general, indicate that it has an impact on farmers' willingness to promote and develop wind energy. Using the transtheoretical model, it was revealed that the majority of farmers are in the stages of "increasing awareness" and "dramatic relief," while experts are in the stages of "self-reevaluation" and "self-liberation."

Objective : Given the growing elderly population in Iran and the relationship between physical literacy and health, assessing physical literacy in this population is important. However, there are limited studies on the assessment of physical literacy in the elderly. The present study aimed to examine the cross-cultural validity of the Persian version of Senior Perceived Physical Literacy Instrument (SPPLI). Method: At first, the translation/back translation process and content validity were carried out through the Content Validity Index (CVI) with opinion of five experts. Subsequently, concurrent and construct (age differences and convergent) validity, and internal consistency were examined in a sample of 78 older adults (aged 60–90 years) randomly selected from nursing homes and physiotherapy centers in Qazvin. Construct validity of the SPPLI was assessed by comparing age-related differences and its correlation with age and its convergent validity with the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE) and the short-form Falls Efficacy Scale-International (FES-I) and concurrent validity was evaluated through the its relationship with the Senior Fitness Test (SFT) as a measure of actual physical literacy. Results : The CVI results confirmed the content validity of all SPPLI items. The results of Mann-Whitney U test revealed no significant difference in perceived physical literacy between the two age groups (p = 0.42). Spearman’s correlation between total scores of SPPLI and age was weak and non-significant (r (78) = 0.123). The Spearman correlation coefficients of SPPLI with total scores of SFT, PASE, and short FES-I were 0.501, 0.452, and -0.001, respectively. Conclusions : The content and concurrent validity of the SPPLI was confirmed, and its internal consistency was good. However, convergent validity was moderate with the PASE and very weak with the short FES-I, while construct validity based on age differences was not confirmed. In conclusion, the Persian SPPLI exhibits appropriate cross-cultural validity.