مطالب

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this research is to provide a model for dealing with vandalism in sports environments in Iran. METHODS: In this qualitative approach, grounded theory method was used. About 15 people were selected and studied including journalists, experts, sports managers and faculty members in the field of sport and sociology by using purposeful sampling based on the theoretical saturation. The data collected using semi-structured interview and analyzed in three stages of open, central and selective coding through Maxqda-2020 software. FINDINGS: According to the findings, causal conditions have 3 main categories including cultural and social contexts and psychological fields, and 8 subcategories. The background conditions have 6 main categories such as sense of anomie, improper government performance, weak management, marginalization in the media, feelings of anger and frustration in the spectators and external factors, and 15 subcategories. The intervening conditions also have 4 main categories including managerial and technical factors, political and regulatory factors, legal and team performance and teams’ behavior, and 11 subcategories. Also, the strategies include 6 main categories and 18 subcategories, and finally, the consequences include 5 main categories and 14 subcategories. CONCLUSION: The results show that sports and sports environments have not been as effective as they should be, therefore, sports planners and policy makers must take measures in an expert, codified and continuous manner to control and reduce this phenomenon.

INTRODUCTION: The improvement of human resources refers to the activities through which the employees continuously keep pace with the changes and growth of the organization. It involves the improvement of the skills, knowledge, and capabilities of the employees in the perceptual and operational dimensions to increase the efficiency of the employees' performance. The present study aims to identify and rank the factors affecting the improvement of human resources in relief organizations in the RCS in Yazd province. METHOD: The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive survey methodically. The statistical population included all the senior employees and experts of the RCS of Yazd province (478 people). About 215 people were selected based on Cochran's formula. Data analyzed using fuzzy SWARA and SPSS-24 software. FINDINGS: According to the findings, 21 factors affecting the improvement of human resources in the RCS of Yazd province were identified and prioritized using the fuzzy SWARA technique. It gives this opportunity to decision-makers and policy-makers to choose their environment and strategy based on the current situation. CONCLUSION: The results revealed that the highest weight or the most important factor is the implementation and evaluation system (development of group activities and team building).

INTRODUCTION: Considering the important and sensitive position of Emergency Operations Centers (EOC) and little scientific research has been done on the subject, the purpose of this comparative study is to identify the structural and functional requirements of EOCs. METHODS: In this comparative research, structural and functional requirements and considerations of modern EOCs were extracted to facilitate the process of managing operations and responding to disasters by studying the guidelines and standards for the design and construction of modern EOCs, as well as examining the experiences of different countries in using and operating these centers. FINDINGS: By reviewing the studies, these components were extracted as the important structural and functional requirements of these centers including: common hazards in the region, the purpose of creating an EOC, the flexibility and multi-purpose nature of the EOC, audio and visual features of the operation control room, the number of administrative and operational positions, ergonomics and allocated space, required and technologies, the existence of a space for holding group meetings as well as people's rest, the amount of allocated budget and also the conditions of people's access to modern EOC. CONCLUSION: Based on the findings, assessing the risks in the region and developing different possible scenarios, along with paying attention to the structural and functional requirements of modern EOCs based on the obtained criteria, can improve the disaster management process.

INTRODUCTION: Considering the high number of incidents and disasters in Iran and the importance of the issue, this research investigates the challenges and opportunities of people's participation in the implementation of disaster management policies in the Iranian Red Crescent Society (IRCS). METHOD: The research is applied in terms of purpose and mixed in terms of method. In the first stage, structured interviews were conducted with 20 experts and informants in the field of disaster management. Then, data was analyzed through content analysis and open coding, and components of challenges and opportunities were extracted using Maxquda software. Finally, a researcher-made questionnaire for challenges and opportunities based on the findings of the qualitative part was design and its validity and reliability using was confirmed by experts and Cronbach's alpha respectively and were distributed among 365 managers and employees related to disasters. FINDINGS: According to the findings, in the qualitative section, the main challenges include coordination and organization, lack of people’s participation in decision-making, conflict of interests, participation sustainability, level of knowledge and awareness, and resistance to change, as well as the opportunities include increasing efficiency and effectiveness, the use of local knowledge, strengthening the sense of responsibility, communication improvement, cost reduction and strengthening social solidarity. The results of quantitative part, showed that strengthening the sense of responsibility, use of local knowledge and communication improvement with an average of 11.86%, 10.38% and 9.46% respectively of the most important opportunities and conflicts of interest, the level of knowledge and awareness and coordination and organization with an average of 10.43%, 9.37% and 9.35% respectively are the most important challenges. CONCULSION: The results showed that solving the challenges and strengthening the opportunities for people's participation will lead to the success and effectiveness of the implementation of the policies and will lead the society to the direction of prosperity, prevention of wastage of resources, casualties’ reduction and sustainable development. Thus, it is suggested to develop educational programs, strengthen organizational structures, etc. in order to improve people's participation in disaster management.

INTRODUCTION: The Middle East has always been known as a region full of tension and chaos, and especially in the last two decades, it has been involved with all kinds of insecurity, violence, war, terrorism, etc. This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the role of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement in promoting the culture of peace and cooperation in the Middle East during the period from 2000 to 2022. METHODS: The current research is of a secondary type, which was conducted in the form of a Narrative Review and data with related topics were reviewed and collected from domestic databases such as Magiran, Noormags, SID and RCS, as well as IFRC and ICRC. FINDINGS: The findings of the research indicate that the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement has promoted the culture of peace and cooperation in the Middle East countries in various ways, such as: providing health care services, managing war dead bodies with dignity, cash aid to local communities in need and the impoverished, inviting the warring parties to peace and respecting the humanitarian rights of civilians, supporting the human rights of ethnic and religious minorities, helping to provide the minimum essential needs of war refugees, following up and helping to settle war-affected immigrants, dealing with the affairs of prisoners and prisoners of war, trying to find missing people, dealing with the separation of families and missing children, providing clean water and food packages for the people, and encouraging the activists of the conflicts to avoid mistreatment of detainees, not to use chemical, biological, nuclear weapons and mines, and to avoid attacking civilians. CONCLUSION: The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement with all its elements and components (such as International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent (IFRC), International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) and National Societies of Red Crescent and Red Cross) has tried to be effective in political stability and promoting peace and cooperation between political and social groups in the Middle East countries by protecting the life and dignity of war victims and helping the injured as well as reducing violence and terrorism, and play a role in creating reconciliation between "inherent human dignity" and "military necessity".

Purpose: In the context of rapidly evolving digital landscapes, digital media literacy has become a foundational element in primary education, crucial for preparing students to navigate and influence their digital surroundings effectively. This study aims to identify and describe the key components of digital media literacy as taught in primary schools, focusing on the insights of faculty members from Iran to understand how these components are integrated into the educational system. Methodology: Employing a qualitative research design, this study gathered data through semi-structured interviews with 21 faculty members who are directly involved in teaching digital media literacy in primary schools across Iran. Theoretical saturation was achieved to ensure comprehensive coverage of the concepts. Data were analyzed using NVivo software to facilitate a thorough thematic analysis, identifying the core components of digital media literacy education. Findings: The analysis revealed five main themes central to digital media literacy in primary education: Transfer, Usage, and Digital Competence; Computer Fundamentals; Online Basics Skills; Word Processing, Spreadsheet, and Presentation Skills; and Database and Data Security Skills. Each theme comprised several categories that detailed specific skills and knowledge areas essential for comprehensive digital literacy, ranging from basic computer operations to advanced data management and security. Conclusion: The study underscores the importance of a robust digital media literacy curriculum in primary education, highlighting specific skills that are crucial for students' development as competent digital citizens. It also points to the need for ongoing teacher training to keep pace with technological advancements, ensuring that educators are well-equipped to impart these essential skills.