درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Karbala city is destination of millions of pilgrims from all over the world every year. Therefore, this research has assessed strategies for developing religious tourism in Karbala city, with an emphasis on improving the pilgrims' experience and exploiting the economic and social capacities of this city. First, indicators related to religious tourism infrastructure were identified, and then their impact on the pilgrims' experience was analyzed using statistical methods. Data collection tool is a researcher-made questionnaire, which was used to examine its validity from the specialists and experts in quantitative and relative content validity coefficient, and to examine its reliability, was used Cronbach's alpha. The statistical sample includes two groups, 19 people in the qualitative section and 550 people in the quantitative section, selected using convenience sampling. Data analysis includes initial coding, classification, extraction of indicators and variables, descriptive and inferential statistics such as one sample t-test, analysis of variance, Pearson correlation, and linear regression. Results showed residence index with the maximum mean and minimum dispersion indicates the its importance and diversity for pilgrims. The recreational and commercial services index with the lowest mean showed less importance. Correlation results indicate a positive and significant relationship between the attraction index and other indicators at the 0.001 level, which shows that as tourist attractions are strengthened, other services and infrastructure are equally effective in improving the pilgrims' experience. Results of compare means between pilgrims and local residents showed in the catering service and residence indexes, mean of rank pilgrims (253.21 and 254.49) are higher than local residents (239.65 and 234.55) at a significance level of 0.398 and 0.215, respectively. As a result, improving tourism infrastructure, accessibility and improving the quality of recreational and medical services can lead to increased pilgrim satisfaction.

Objective : This research aims to propose a multi-criteria decision-making model for ranking hospital departments. The primary purpose of this model is to assist managers in the optimal allocation of limited resources, thereby reducing costs while increasing patient satisfaction. The ranking results help managers in decision-making processes such as equipment development, staff training, and addressing patient complaints. Methods : This study evaluated the performance of five hospital departments (Emergency, Ophthalmology, Cardiovascular, Infectious, and Neurology) in Shiraz, Iran, using the fuzzy DEMATEL-MARCOS multi-criteria decision-making method. Firstly, criteria were prioritized using the fuzzy DEMATEL method, after which hospital departments were ranked using the fuzzy MARCOS method. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to validate the results. Results : Performance metrics for the hospital departments were identified based on the Lean, Agile, Resilient, Green, and Sustainable (LARGS) paradigm. The results revealed that patient satisfaction and job satisfaction had the most substantial influence on performance, while reducing excess transportation and over-processing had the least impact. Utilizing the fuzzy MARCOS method, the hospital departments were ranked according to their overall desirability. The sensitivity of these rankings was assessed by adjusting the weights of the criteria. A comparative analysis with four other fuzzy methods (ARAS, COCOSO, EDAS, and WASPAS) confirmed that the fuzzy MARCOS method was the most effective tool for prioritizing hospital departments. Conclusion : The fuzzy MARCOS results indicated that the “Infectious Department” performed well, while the “Ophthalmology Department” required improvement. Enhancing the “Infectious Department” hinged on better staff training, cost reduction, and safe waste management. This research introduces a novel approach using the fuzzy DEMATEL-MARCOS model, enabling hospitals to assess performance through modern methodologies, such as Lean, Agile, Resilient, Green, and Sustainable, even in uncertain conditions