درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Although employee citizenship behavior has significant effect on quality of service delivery and consequently on creating superior tourist experience and competitive advantage for tourism businesses and destinations, but tourist citizenship behavior can facilitate reaching these goals, specifically through value co creation. In spite of that, most studies concentrate on employees’ citizenship behavior ignoring behaviors of travelers. Therefore, present study seeks to identify dimensions of tourist citizenship behavior of cultural heritage tourists traveling through tours. The statistical population of this study encompasses all inbound tourists who have visited Iran as cultural heritage tours. 384 people yield as a sample of population, through convenient sampling. To ensure the validity, the questionnaire was examined by experts and confirmed, similarly reliability via Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient. The data analysis was conducted in SPSS software via confirmatory factor analysis. Findings revealed 11 dimensions of tourist citizenship behavior including: cooperation, establishing peace and intimacy, sacrifice, patience and sympathy, active participation, support, recommendation, aid and assistance, establishing order, compensation and interpersonal interaction. Based on findings of current research, citizenship behavior in cultural and heritage tourism can enrich their experiences since fosters co creation of value and also active participation cultural heritage tourists, moving towards creative tourism. Tourism businesses and destinations managers should pave the way for expressing these behaviors, creating excellent experience for tourists in addition to co creation of value with them.

This study aims to assess the efficiency of the eHealth program by conducting a comparative study between public and private healthcare settings in Bangladesh and Malaysia. A detailed literature review gathered from leading databases, articles, and case studies was conducted to achieve the study’s objective. After evaluating the literature and utilizing reducing methods the factors were organized and categorized into the four SWOT groups. The study exhibits that the government of Bangladesh has taken multiple approaches to efficient usage of their resources and providing primary healthcare services at grassroots levels. However, compared to a developing country like Malaysia it is far lag and struggling with multiple challenges like inadequate ICT infrastructure interoperability issues, low adoption of services, privacy and trust issues inadequate data security lack of policies and regulations, and insufficient funding along with multiple threats like resistance to change, cultural influence, and native environmental issues. Nonetheless, these challenges can be addressed through the development of adequate infrastructure, technology, financial support, and human resource capabilities. This will help to achieve the goal of universal health coverage and digital healthcare. This paper identified and explored numerous eHealth concerns and institutionalized favorable policy recommendations to establish an effective and successful eHealth system and boost the healthcare sectors of Bangladesh and similar emerging economies.  Being the first to incorporate SWOT analysis and eHealthcare programs, the suggested approaches can have a significant positive impact on the implementation of an effective and sustainable eHealth system.