درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Considering the importance of decision- making in investment, this study prioritizes the accepted pharmaceutical companies in Tehran stock exchange, during 2013-2017 using the following criteria: the return on investment (ROI), reminded increment (RI), return on sales (ROS) and the earnings per share (EPS). Price per earnings ratio of each share (P/E), return on equity (ROE), return on assets (ROA). After prioritization mentioned companies, they were ranked using mathematical models: SAW and TOPSIS. The object of the study is to encourage financial decision- makers to use math models (SAW, TOPSIS) instead of previous accounting techniques in order to represent the pharmaceutical companies more perfect than before. The comparison between ranked mentioned companies' according to two math models (SAW, TOPSIS) showed that there is not a significant deference between ranks obtained from SAW and TOPSIS. Furthermore, it is found out that the ranking of the involved companies' was not the same during the study. Some had better process while others not only didn’t have improvement but also gained worse ranking during the study than before.

Competency management and development are vital tools to increase competition in organizations and the goal of the competency-based approach is to "determine the competencies needed by top people in key positions across the organization, efforts to close competency gaps through effective selection and training and ensuring that good performance is recognized and rewarded." Now, considering the increasing role of state banks as the most important financial and economic institution in the construction of the country, the present study seeks to provide an intellectual capital model with a competency approach of managers in state banks and intends to enumerate the dimensions of the main and important competencies of the managers of state- banks to help senior executives of state banks identify the right people, with the advent of the information technology revolution, the global economic paradigm changed dramatically after the 1990s. In today's economy, knowledge, as the most important asset, has replaced financial and physical capital. Intellectual assets are non-competitive assets. Unlike physical assets that can only be used to do a particular task at a particular time, intellectual assets can be used simultaneously for several specific purposes. This ability is one of the most important criteria for the superiority of intellectual assets over physical assets. This research seeks to provide an intellectual capital model with a competency approach of managers in state banks. Based on the findings, intellectual capital can be influenced by the factors of customer capital, social capital, structural and human capital, knowledge capital, foreign capital, domestic capital, spiritual capital, technical capital and communication capital. The components and indicators related to each of the mentioned dimensions have been discussed separately in the previous pages. Based on in-depth semi-structured interviews with experts, it can be concluded that: human capital, structural capital and social capital as the first to third priorities are the dimensions of the intellectual capital model of state-owned banks with the competency approach of managers.

This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of university roles in entrepreneurial intentions among university students. This study is also measuring the functions of the system supports as the control variables towards entrepreneurial intentions. Universities seem to compete in the industry to provide and develop the entrepreneurial skills set to their students. Perhaps they may add more benefit in preparing and equipping their students as entrepreneurs once they completed their studies. The study was conducted in local universities. Three hundred respondents were approached in getting the data compiled. Based on that, only 250 complete and usable data received in returns. An 83% response rate is achieved because the sample was from a list of young entrepreneurs' schemes currently being assessed by the government agencies. Questionnaires used to validate the items from university roles (6 items), entrepreneurial intentions (5 items), and finally support systems (6 items). Likert scales were used to measure all the items. Besides that, there are also seven questions for respondents' profiles. The results indicate that all tested hypothesized were positively significant. Universities should consider finding ways to develop and motivating their students towards entrepreneurial intentions. Further study may continue the model with different sets of control variables for concrete solutions in managing the student's entrepreneurial intentions.