درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Since organizations work in complex and uncertain settings, their supply chains should be managed. The first step of supply chain management is to identify factors such as risks that disrupt this process. Risk and disruption can lead to failure of the supply chain of companies. Therefore, to reduce the effect of such disruption, the supply chain should be designed in such a way that they can recover to their initial state or even create better conditions by providing an efficient and effective response in the face of events. i.e., resilience in the structure of the supply network. Given the importance of risk management and resilience in the supply chain on the one hand, and few qualitative studies conducted in this field on the other hand, this study was conducted to propose a paradigmatic model of risk management based on resilience in the National Iranian Oil Products Distributing Company (NIOPDC) and the gasoline supply chain. This study has been conducted using a qualitative approach and multi-grounded theory (MGT) in such a way that with a deep review of the relevant literature and the use of 64 articles and 17 semi-structured interviews, data were collected and analyzed and a Conceptual Model of supply chain risk management (SCRM) was proposed by the resilience approach for gasoline products in the NIOPDC.Based on research findings, A total of 58 concepts and 14 dimensions were extracted under 5 categories of SCRM, a Conceptual Model was proposed, and accordingly two hypotheses were presented. Given the proposed paradigm model, risks cause disruption in the supply chain. If there is a governing platform for active supply risk management, by identifying risks and applying resilience capabilities to face the risks appropriately leads to management risks and achievement of the goal of "guaranteeing smooth and uninterrupted flow of fuel supply".

In 2000, spiritual tourism began to develop in Bali. The development of spiritual tourism started to occur in Ubud, which is a rural tourism area. This spiritual tourism is an alternative to the mass tourism developing in Bali, which is in Denpasar and Badung. Mass tourism has brought various environmental, social, and cultural problems to Bali, such as reducing green areas. During these environmental, social, and cultural problems, spiritual tourism has emerged that is pro-environment, pro-local communities, and pro-local economy. Therefore, this article will reveal spiritual tourism's potential, development, and role in sustainable tourism development. Tourist destination theory, life cycle theory, and sustainable tourism theory will be used to explain the phenomenon of spiritual tourism. This article results from qualitative research with data collection methods through literature study, observation, and interviews. The analysis technique is done qualitatively. The results show Bali has attractions, facilities, access, and management organizations to develop spiritual tourism. This spiritual tourism is a builder of sustainable tourism because it is pro-environment, pro-local community, and pro-local economy.