درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

companies' continuity, because all companies have some relations with the society;Therefore, the society provides long-term survival of the company.In this way, companies in addition to economic responsibility, must take responsibilityof social issues. Therefore, with respect to corporate social responsibility andits revelations, the current paper examines the relationship between social responsibilityand disclosure of remuneration paid to board of directors within the years1388 to 1392. The study sample consist of 55 company that were selected by systematicremoval, that, there are a total of 275 years of companies. In this study, forexamining the hypothesis, the person's correlation coefficient and t test were used.In order to analyzing data and testing study hypothesis EVIEWS software wasused, after designing and testing hypothesis which has done by dividing each subhypothesis,it was concluded that there is a reasonable relationship between thefactors social responsibility (employed relations and social participation) andBoard Bonus.

One of the basic assumptions of management accounting illustrate that costschanges has a significance Relationship with increasing and decreasing in the levelof activity, recently after being raised of sticky costs issue by Anderson and hiscolleagues this assumption was discussed. It means Increases in costs by increasingthe more activity level of reduction in costs is exchange for the reduction in thelevel of activity. Anderson et al (2003) changed the expression of Cost behavior tosticky costs. The Subject profit forecast error is one of the issues that can affectinvestment decisions to hold or transfer of shares, because purchase of shares ofthe new company's stock is riskier process than other companies; Because of itslack of trading Background, historical information related to their is low. Accordingly,in prediction two fundamental goals follow: The first one obviously is theproper planning and second one is Familiarity and deployment of predictive techniquesusing predictive techniques for decision making and problem solving process.The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between forecasterror of earnings and sticky cost in Tehran Stock Exchange. To achieve this aim, amain hypothesis and sub-hypothesis has been proposed, and to test hypothesesdata 108 firms listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange using systematic samplingpurposefully selected, and data of the period between 2007 to 2013 was usedfor statistical analysis. Finally, the results indicate that There is an inverse relationshipbetween sticky costs and forecast error of earnings, and also betweensticky cost of goods sold and sticky costs of sales.

This study investigates empirically the value investors place in excess cash holdingand how managerial ability impact on the value of cash holding for Iranianfirms from 2006 to 2014. In this research, managerial ability calculated by usingthe data envelopment analysis (DEA). Following the approach of Faulkender andWang, we find that the relation between managerial ability and value of cash holdingand the level of cash is positive and significant. This result indicates that whenmanagers allocate cash resources efficiently, shareholders consider more value forthe firm cash holding. Also, the result shows that if managers emphasize bothlong-term and short-term of resource management, investors set a higher marginalvalue of cash holdings. In the other words, the able management can improve thevalue of cash holding by the focusing on the spending resource for both long andshort-term periods.

Balance sheet itself does not specify and show all the activities that a bank pays. Because banks can do many swap contracts and obligations, exchange, and commitments Outside of the balance sheet. To such activities and exchange that will not appear on the balance sheet, are saying off-balance sheet activities. These items are usually reported in the notes to the attached financial statements. One of the reasons for conducting the activities of off-balance sheet by the banks is the interest rate risk coverage. However, the use of these tools for risk management leads to multiple different sorts of risk and that the overall judgment about the outcome of the risk management of the off-of-balance sheet activities has met with ambiguity. The present research has examined the relationship between risk and the items of off-balance sheet under the hypothesis of Adverse selection with the use of the Iran's nine commercial bank data. The results show that this hypothesis isn’t able to respond off- balance sheet activities behaviour in Iran

Profitability as the most important factor in decision-making, has always been considered by stake­holders in the company's profitability. Also can be a basis for evaluating the performance of the managers. The ability to predict the profitability can be very useful to help decision-makers. That's why one of the most important issues is the expected profitability. The importance of these forecasts depends on the amount of misalignment with reality. The amount of deviation is less than the forecast of higher accuracy. Although there are various methods for predicting but the use of artificial intelligence techniques is increasing due to fewer restriction. The aim of this study is to evaluate the predictive power of profitability using DEA and neutral network, to enhance the decision-making users of 2012 to 2015of 7 premier financial ratios were used as independent variables. Test results show that both of ANN and DEA have ability to forecast profitability and given that neutral network prediction accuracy is higher than the DEA, the model predict better the profitability of companies.