درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Market saturation, increased competition, change in tastes and needs of customers have made Iranian companies, especially canned industries, face various challenges in relation to consumers. Under such conditions, cannery companies with the ability for proper use of available facilities and equipment such as design and development of new products, supplying high-quality and economic products and appropriate packaging can overcome these challenges and guarantee their survival. Now, it’s time for experts and marketers to pay special attention to importance of packaging and its effect of purchasing decision of consumers and as a result, increased profitability of companies and re-evaluation of their attitude. Although companies have found that they should pay attention to physical aspect and attractiveness of packaging of products for this purpose, it could be observed that majority of them have not used scientific methods in this way. Applied method in this study is applied-developmental method in terms of purpose and the study is a mixed exploratory research in terms of nature. The results obtained from the study show that two identified indices including functional (informational) and visual (aesthetics) features could be effective factors on purchasing decision of consumers. Finally, the study has suggested considering the two indices to improve effectiveness in decision making among job subcultures.

The present study seeks to identify and prioritize the components and dimensions of e-commerce and categorize them as a comprehensive model by using the meta-synthesis method. In this research, total of 58 articles in the field of E-commerce was identified and examined in the first step. Latin articles were in the period of 1996 to 2017 and Persian articles were related to the period of 2001 to 2017. Finally, after three stages of the evaluation of articles, 29 articles remained. Then, based on the results of the meta-synthesis method and the use of open coding, three main fields and a number of subfields were found for the e-commerce variable. Also, at this stage, the initial data was also introduced in the form of a new subset and added to the comprehensive model by using the indexing, conceptualization and categorization method. The main fields of e-commerce included customer trust and satisfaction in e-commerce, the development and application of e-commerce and the success of e-commerce. Each of these main fields has a number of subfields. Suggestions are presented in accordance with the comprehensive model identified. The e-commerce model can be a good tool for decision making managers and decision-makers, and should be used as a basis for future research.

The purpose of this study was to do an empirical study on the service sector to investigate the effect of brand identity on brand performance and employees’ job satisfaction with the intermediating role of organizational confidence, using Buil et al. (2015) model. In this model, the effect of brand identity on brand performance and employees’ job satisfaction is investigated both directly and indirectly through the organizational confidence. A sample of 273 individuals was selected randomly from employees of Pasargad bank branches in Tehran. The data collection instrument was a standard questionnaire with 26 questions whose validity and reliability were confirmed; it was distributed among the statistical population. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. At the level of descriptive statistics, indices such as frequency and frequency percentage were used. The correlation methods, structural equation modeling, and path analysis were used on the level of inferential statistics; LISREL and SPSS software were used for this purpose. The results of the analysis showed the direct and positive impact of brand identity on brand performance, organizational confidence, and job satisfaction. In general, the ability of Pasargad Bank to improve the brand performance, increase the organizational confidence and satisfy its employees, is directly and indirectly related to the brand identity (p <0.05).

Today, in large projects such as constructing oil, gas and petrochemical refineries, it is inevitable to use modern management methods and project timing. On the other hand, in classic scheduling case, the focus is on balance between time and cost of carrying out projects, which in such a situation, one of possible solutions to shorten time of implementing project is to accelerate activities. This acceleration can affect the quality of conducting projects and environmental impacts, in addition to impose more costs. Hence, in such studies, environmental impacts and quality of activities were also considered as new indicators in case of project time-cost balance. There has been proposed a new mathematical model with four indicators: cost, time, quali-ty and environmental impacts. The provided model is a multi-objective mathematical model of zero-and-one programming type that despite traditional models, in which there is only considered an implementation mode for carrying out activities and a pre-conditional relationship between activities, modes of implementing activities are as multi-form and the dependence relationship between the activities is a generalized pre-requisite. Including the relationships brings the problem closer to the real world. Because of NP-hard of the problem in large dimensions and the necessity of using meta-heuristic Algorithms, we used MOBEE algorithm to solve the model.