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Israel’s attack on Gaza received extensive media attention from the early days of its outbreak. Media coverage of the news on the war was incomparable to previous Israel attacks in 2009, 2012 and 2014 due to the length and intensity of the conflict, Arab journalists' presence in Gaza and widespread use of social media to share information about the war. ‘Gaza war’ rapidly emerged as a focal point of graphic journalism, among other journalism genres, to express artistic and political perspectives on the multifaceted realities of the conflict. Meanwhile, the transformative influence of online media on communication plays a crucial role in sharing information and content. Among all media effects, framing is a process whereby people develop conceptualizations of an issue. This study focuses on political cartoons published in global online media between Oct. 7, 2023 and Feb. 7, 2025 to investigate how the war has been framed online through visual representation. 120 political cartoons were studied. Semetko and Valkenburg's (2000) model of news frames analysis was used to answer the research question. Findings reveal that human interests frame, morality frame, responsibility frame, conflict frame and economic consequences frame received the greatest amount of attention by cartoonists, respectively.  The manuscript elaborates on the specific thematic elements identities within each frame.

The United States has historically aimed to establish power and dominance within the global multipolar system. Following the fall of the Soviet Union, it emerged as the new unipolar hegemon and sought to prevent the rise of rival superpowers by leading the hegemonic system. Consequently, limiting the emergence of new powers became a fundamental aspect of U.S. foreign policy, guided by a realist approach in its national security documents. In this context, addressing the promotion and export of the Islamic Revolution—an ideological and liberating movement that conflicts with the interests of the hegemonic system—became a priority. To counter the Islamic Revolution gaining power , the U.S.-led hegemonic system devised and executed strategies across nine areas: political, economic, cross-border, social, cultural, spatial, territorial, military, and science and technology. During this process, various complex methods were employed, including "influence" tactics, building a global consensus against the Islamic Revolution, and fostering sentiments such as Islamophobia and terrorism. This research aims to analyze these strategies descriptively within the theoretical frameworks of Patrick Callahan's " Theories of America's World Role " and Joseph Nye's "Future of Power."

In this article, we seek to investigate what cultural invasion is and ways to deal with it in The Supreme leader's thought, emphasizing on media invasion. The research method is descriptive-analytical, and the collection of information is done by library-document method. The findings of this research show that The Supreme leader considers the cultural invasion of the West to the foundations of Islamic beliefs and to the corruption and destruction of Islamic societies. To deal with the cultural invasion, he suggests a correct knowledge of the enemy and a rational and logical defense of the right. At the level of media attack, his emphasis is to counter Western cultural and media propaganda through satellite networks and especially Hollywood, and considers the way to counter it to be paying attention to Islamic culture, promoting religious models, and encouraging young artists and believers in the field of art. As a result, the solution to deal with the cultural invasion should be followed by policies in the cultural and media arena, which can be mentioned as follows: creating national self-confidence through the display of the country's authority, unity and security by the responsible institutions, especially the radio and television, showing convergence and solidarity as a prominent cultural characteristic of Iranians, especially against the foreign enemy, high-lighting the commonalities of ethnic identity with Iran's national identity, attention to the Iranian-Islamic style in life according to the emphasis of the Supreme Leader, providing awareness in the field of divisive satellite networks and paying special attention to Iranian art, especially music, which has a high power of attraction among young people.

Thomas Hobbes's theory of "social contract" provided a new basis for the establishment of the gov-ernment, which had fundamental differences with the theories before it. In such a way that he con-sidered the government "constitutional" and not "natural". According to him, before the govern-ment, people lived in a natural state, which is a kind of a state of war, and according to the natural law and the rule of reason, they should have left this state and entered a state of peace. A state of peace requires the "establishment" of the government to provide security. Based on this, the citizens establish the government through agreement and contract and transfer all their rights to it in order to end the war situation and be the final judge of the affairs. This theory of Hobbes was proposed in the field of religious and political ideological controversies, which its roots go back to the late Mid-dle Ages and the conflict between the church and the kingdom regarding the basis of the legitimacy of the government. On this basis, without paying attention to the context of Hobbes's discussion, it is not possible to get a precise understanding of his theory and intention in the "Social Contract" plan. Our goal in this article is to read Hobbes's theory "context-centered" and we use Quentin Skinner's approach. As a result, our question is, in what context was Thomas Hobbes's "social con-tract" about the basis of government legitimacy formed, and what was his intention in proposing it? Our hypothesis is that Thomas Hobbes, in the field of disputes between the church and the kings, based on the two main theories of the absolute authority of the Pope (controversy of installation) and the divine right of kings, to transition from the state of religious-political wars in England, pro-posed a "social contract" and provided a new basis of legitimacy for the establishment of the state.

Geopolitics is among the influential elements in the field of foreign policy. During the Pahlavi era, the country, influenced by geopolitical factors, faced many ups and downs in the realm of foreign policy. Countries, as actors in the power and politics arena, have aimed to centralize and exert central influence over other players. The more centralization an actor achieves, the higher the ranking, more extensive connections, and obtaining a more desirable position be-come. The aim of this article is to investigate the impact of geopolitics on Iran's foreign policy during the second Pahlavi era. The main question posed is: What impact has geopolitics had on shaping Iran's foreign policy during the second Pahlavi era? The hypothesis suggests that geopolitics acted as the main and influential factor in Iran's foreign policy during the second Pahlavi era, leading to an increase in the country's power. The results of the article indicate that the Middle East, during the second Pahlavi era, functioned as a geopolitical network with various sub-networks. Eleven geopolitical sub-networks can be identified, among which the most significant include the Islamic sub-network, energy, democracy, and the resistance sub-network. Iran held a central position among Middle Eastern countries in these geopolitical sub-networks during the second Pahlavi era. Iran's centrality in the Western sub-networks of security and economy allowed it to better and more extensively pursue its national interests. The research methodology employed is descriptive-analytical, based on library studies.