درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

The continuation of life on our planet requires a set of essential elements, including water, soil, air, trees, and plants, making environmental protection our duty. Environmental preservation has long been a pressing concern throughout human history, but it has now evolved into a major challenge. Indeed, it forms the very basis and foundation of human life. Significantly, the Sacred Texts of Islam and Christianity recognized this issue centuries ago and offered their followers guidelines on environmental protection. These directives encompass various aspects such as preserving trees, promoting agricultural development and afforestation, safeguarding water resources, counseling against waste and pollution, and avoiding the restriction of access to these resources, especially during conflicts. Furthermore, emphasis is placed on sustainable development and the cleanliness of lands and habitats, preventing the pollution of our surroundings, and the importance of clean air for the sustenance of life. Muslims and Christians, recognizing their human and religious duties, are called upon to actively defend their surrounding environment and refrain from harming it. The aim of this research is to conduct a comparative study on the Sacred Texts of Islam and Christianity regarding environmental protection, clarifying their shared teachings and insights on this vital subject. The scope of this research is limited to the Sacred Texts of Islam and Christianity and is executed as a case-by-case comparison of environment-related issues.

The reason for the introduction of a hadith refers to the conditions and situations in which the impeccable Imam (AS) took action to express a statement, issue a ruling, or perform an action. Recognizing this context, especially considering the audience, social atmosphere, and cultural background of the time the narration was issued, plays an important role in correctly understanding the concepts of the hadith. The present research, with a descriptive-analytical approach and focusing on Shaykh Ṣadūq's book, Maʻānī al-Akhbār, explains the position of the reason for introduction in the analysis of narrations. Also, the views of Shiʻa and Sunni commentators have been examined to determine their impact on a better understanding of the reason for introduction and the analysis of the content of the narrations. The results show that the late Ibn Bābawayh, using the method of Fiqh al-Hadith, especially relying on the reason for introduction, analyzes the narration and emphasizes avoiding the absolute or inappropriate generalization of the meaning of the narration. In addition, in understanding the reason for the introduction of the hadith, interpretive views should not be ignored, especially when the relevant narration is a point of contention between the two sects.