درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Islam, Christianity, and Judaism, as the major Abrahamic religions, are grounded in belief in one Almighty God who created the world and sent messengers to guide humanity. Despite differences in theology and practice, these religions share common moral foundations that extend to medical ethics. Ethics, as a discipline, examines moral character and moral status, determining what rights and responsibilities are due to human beings and other living creatures. Medical ethics, as an applied branch, provides professional codes and value-based frameworks that help practitioners manage moral dilemmas in clinical practice and reduce moral distress in decision-making. In recent decades, particularly in the third millennium, Islamic and Christian scholars have increasingly engaged in dialogue to develop guidelines that address ethical challenges arising from modern medical technologies, especially at the beginning and end of life. The present study aims to review Islamic and Christian ethical guidelines for healthcare professionals encountering such dilemmas. Using content analysis, the study examines contemporary medical guidelines, professional codes, and academic materials, focusing on countries where healthcare systems are highly influenced by modern technologies, such as Britain, Australia, the United States, and several European nations. Findings show that these regions have developed extensive literature on ethical issues related to assisted reproduction and end-of-life care, where Muslims, Christians, and Jews alike face comparable moral challenges. The analysis reveals significant similarities between Islamic and Christian ethical perspectives, particularly in their shared opposition to induced abortion and euthanasia, both grounded in the belief that life is a sacred gift from God. These shared values influence not only clinical practice but also establish moral boundaries for biomedical research.

Poverty is a significant societal problem and a major issue in human social affairs. In the Holy Qur'an, the term "Bāʼis" is used alongside the poor, which indicates that these two social classes are distinct. The present study uses a descriptive-analytical method with a social approach and library-based data collection to examine the concepts and instances of "Bāʼis," its causes, its impact on social relationships and community structure, and solutions to address this social stratum. The findings of this research show that the factors creating the "Bāʼis" social class include: Flawed macro-management, injustice, discrimination, usurpation of rights, hoarding. These factors lead to a decline in beliefs, social instability, moral deviation, social fragmentation, and ultimately the destruction of society. Solutions to this problem include: Short-term solutions; these are transient and aim to alleviate the suffering of this class. They include reducing unemployment, building affordable housing, providing loans, and offering social support. Long-term solutions; these are more fundamental and include reforming the country's economic, social, and cultural structures. This involves reforming tax collection and spending, a more equitable distribution of wealth and income to achieve social justice, proper governance, economic planning, and meritocracy, a focus on work, promoting public ethics, avoiding extravagance, implementing social support policies, and improving public skills. These measures help mitigate the negative effects of this social class and inequalities, leading to a better society.