درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Objective: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most prevalent behavioural disorders among children in which L1 impairments are often displayed. There is a conventional assumption that ADHD-diagnosed children experience difficulties in L2 development as well. The present research aimed at investigating possible L2-related behaviours of ADHD-diagnosed children.Methods: To track L2 profiles among ADHD children, this mixed methods study examined L2 learning performance of ADHD-diagnosed children in terms of English phonological, lexical, and syntactic development compared with typically developing children. To this end, 10 ADHD-diagnosed and 10 typically-developing children were recruited from a public primary school located in Kerman, Iran, throughout the 2022-2023 academic year. The participants were then assigned to two experimental groups and given the English instructions with the same instructor. Results: The quantitative results showed that ADHD-diagnosed learners underperformed the typically-developing learners in all phonological, morphological, and syntactic production and recognition tests. However, the only significant difference was in the phonological recognition test (p = 0.04). Also, the qualitative results demonstrated that both groups were almost equally engaged in classroom interactions.Conclusion: The findings highlighted the importance of speech processing and sustained attention in lexical and syntactic learning ability among ADHD students. The implications of the study for L2 instructors were discussed.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between rumination and coping strategies with marital self-disclosure. Method: This research is fundamental in terms of its objective and descriptive-correlational in terms of data collection. The statistical population of this study consisted of all married women at the Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, during the academic year 2022-2023. To this end, 385 women were selected using Cochran’s formula and convenience sampling method. Participants responded to the Marital Self-Disclosure Questionnaire by Waring et al. (1998), the Ruminative Response Scale by Nolen-Hoeksema et al. (1993), and the Brief COPE Inventory by Endler and Parker (2008). After collecting the questionnaires, the data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient and simultaneous multiple regression analysis. Findings: The results indicated a significant negative correlation between rumination, avoidance-oriented coping strategies, and emotion-focused coping strategies with marital self-disclosure (p < .01). There was a significant positive correlation between problem-focused coping strategies and marital self-disclosure (p < .01). Conclusion: The results of the multiple regression analysis also revealed that 71.6% of the variance in marital self-disclosure is explained by rumination and coping strategies. Therefore, it can be concluded that rumination and coping strategies can predict marital self-disclosure among married women.

Objective: This study aims to investigate the relationship between child ADHD symptoms and maternal quality of life, considering the mediating roles of marital conflict and mother-child conflict. Methods: The research method is descriptive and correlational. The statistical population consists of all mothers of elementary school children in Rasht city during the 2019-2020 academic year. Using convenience sampling, 160 mothers were selected. The World Health Organization Quality of Life – Short Form (1996), the Child Symptom Inventory (Parent Form) by Sprafkin, Lani, and Gadow (1994), the Marital Conflict Questionnaire by Barati and Sanaei (2000), and the Pianta Parent-Child Relationship Scale (1994) were utilized. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Findings: The results indicated that child ADHD symptoms alone do not have a significant relationship with maternal quality of life (P > 0.05). However, marital conflict has a significant negative relationship with quality of life (P < 0.05), and mother-child conflict also has a significant negative relationship with quality of life (P < 0.05). Furthermore, marital conflict and mother-child conflict mediate the relationship between child ADHD symptoms and maternal quality of life (P < 0.001). Conclusion: The findings suggest that the presence of child ADHD symptoms, when combined with the mediating factors of marital conflict and mother-child conflict, negatively impacts maternal quality of life. Additionally, both marital conflict and mother-child conflict directly negatively affect maternal quality of life.