Loneliness as a Public Health Issue: Implications, Challenges, and Future Directions(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
حوزههای تخصصی:
Introduction and Objective: Loneliness, a subjective feeling of social isolation and disconnection, has emerged as a significant public health concern with wide-ranging implications. This review aims to comprehensively examine loneliness as a public health issue, exploring its associated health risks, underlying mechanisms, and potential interventions. Research Methodology: A systematic literature review was conducted using various databases, including PubMed, PsycINFO, and Scopus. Studies investigating the health implications of loneliness, its underlying mechanisms, and potential interventions were included. Findings: The review highlights a strong association between loneliness and increased mortality risk, comparable to that of smoking and obesity. Loneliness is also linked to a heightened risk of various physical and mental health problems, including cardiovascular disease, dementia, depression, and anxiety. The underlying mechanisms linking loneliness to poor health outcomes involve dysregulation of the stress response system, impaired immune function, and unhealthy lifestyle behaviors. Interventions targeting social connection and support have shown promise in reducing loneliness and improving health outcomes. Discussion and Conclusion: Loneliness represents a significant public health challenge with serious consequences for individuals and society. Addressing loneliness requires a multi-faceted approach encompassing public awareness campaigns, community-based interventions, and healthcare provider training. Future research should focus on identifying effective interventions and tailoring them to diverse populations. It is imperative to recognize loneliness as a public health priority and implement comprehensive strategies to promote social connection and well-being.