درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

This paper attempts to extract some of the variables that can explain the leadership style under Muhamadu Buhari administration from May 29, 2015 to October, 2021. The Buhari’s government has frequently stated that political, social and economy recovery and growth are main concern on its policy agenda. This raise a question of how beneficial is the policies out of Buhari’s administration to the Nigerian people? The study used the secondary sources of information for the purpose of analyzing the leadership style of Buhari administration. The study revealed that the promises made in 2015 and 2019 gave Nigerians hope for change in all sectors but the reality is that some of those promises have not been achieved in the following areas- poverty, insecurity and food prices. The study recommends that Nigerian leaders should have a clear understanding of the Nigerian state peculiarity for the purpose of administering the state properly.

Purpose: Academic procrastination detrimentally affects students' other academic performances. Consequently, this study aimed to compare the effectiveness of instructional mental imagery and tolerance of ambiguity training on students' academic procrastination. Methodology: This quasi-experimental research involved two experimental groups and one control group, with a pre-test, post-test, and two-month follow-up design. The study population consisted of all female twelfth-grade students in both public and private schools in Bojnurd during the 2023-2024 academic year. The sample included 45 students selected through purposive sampling and randomly assigned into three equal groups (each group containing 15 students). The first experimental group underwent twelve 90-minute sessions of instructional mental imagery training, and the second experimental group received nine 90-minute sessions of tolerance of ambiguity training based on the cognitive-behavioral approach, while the control group received no training. Data were collected using the Solomon and Rothblum (1984) Academic Procrastination Questionnaire and analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc test in SPSS-25. Findings: The findings indicated significant differences between groups in terms of reducing students' academic procrastination. Both the instructional mental imagery and tolerance of ambiguity training methods significantly reduced academic procrastination in the post-test and follow-up stages compared to the control group (P<0.05). Moreover, there was no significant difference between the instructional mental imagery and tolerance of ambiguity training methods in reducing students' academic procrastination (P>0.05). Conclusion: Given the effectiveness of both instructional mental imagery and tolerance of ambiguity training methods in reducing students' academic procrastination, school counselors and psychologists can utilize these methods alongside other educational approaches to reduce academic procrastination.