درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

What is learning after all? Being the cornerstone of educational psychology, this question has not lost its appeal since there still is no consensus over it. What makes providing a careful definition of learning important is that such definitions carry important pedagogical implications which might not be equally beneficial. This theoretical paper, therefore, has tried to define learning by a novel interdisciplinary approach through connecting educational psychology to philosophy. It has started with the dilemma of a lack of consensus over the definition of definition itself and the necessity for holding a theory of definition. Consequently, Aristotle’s definition theory has been chosen. To be impartial, it has been contrasted with that adopted by Karl Popper- Aristotle’s major critic. Then, mainstream leaning definitions have been investigated. Their inadequacy has been attributed to their non-adherence to a tenable definition theory. The paper recommends a framework for learning definition studies established by adopting Aristotle’s definition theory and other points discussed. Such a framework constitutes guidelines for future studies. These guidelines give future definition studies direction and coherence and allow us to move away from idiosyncrasies reflecting personal bias and, as such, they can direct us towards developing a consensual definition.

Objectives of the study:This article aimed to study the effect of computerized cognitive rehabilitation (CCR) on verbal skills of students with specific mathematical learning disorder (SPLD). Participants: Forty people were selected using simple random sampling method from among the primary fourth grade male students with SPLD in Karaj; they were divided into experimental (n=20) and control (n=20) groups after matching using random substitution. Method: The study was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group and a two-month follow-up. The subjects in the experimental group received Capitan’s Log Cognitive Rehabilitation Software (2018) individually for 12 sessions of 50 minutes of training program, whereas the control group did not receive this training program. TOLD language development test was used to evaluate students' verbal skills. The collected data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance SPSS 24. Results: CCR led to enhanced ability of the experimental group subjects in the post-test and follow-up stages compared to the control group in terms of most of the verbal skills. (p <0.05). However, there were no significant differences between the ability of the subjects of the experimental and control groups regarding producing the word in the post-test and follow-up stages (p <0.05). Conclusion: The findings indicated that CCR program is effective in the development of students' verbal skills with SPLD and could be used as an appropriate intervention method.