درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Dans chaque texte, il y a plusieurs strates qu’on peut analyser pour comprendre les couches inférieures de la structure du roman. Celui-ci est une synthèse harmonieuse des idées qui forme son essence primordiale. Le mouvement romantique a bien nourri la pensée des écrivains contemporains dont Anna Gavalda n’est pas une exception. Elle nous prend par la main et nous dit de venir dans son histoire. Si on pense profondément, on peut vivre mieux, car on sauve perpétuellement l’âme d’une monotonie accablante. La sagesse d’Anna Gavalda apparaît à travers son silence, qui nous suggère la simplicité de vivre. Dans cette recherche, nous essayons de traduire le sens du silence au point de vue psychologique selon les idées de Jacques Lacan et en même temps les points de vue philosophique dans l’œuvre gavaldienne. Ensuite, nous allons décrypter les éléments romantiques déterminés comme l’idéal de référence chez Anna Gavalda dans Billie et nous allons répondre à cette question fondamentale selon laquelle dans quelle mesure l’auteure était influencée par le Romantique et particulièrement Alfred de Musset. Finalement, on va faire un pont entre ce silence philosophique et son génie romantique.

This study assessed the quality of two English translations of the Al-Kahf chapter, produced by two prominent translators: Pickthall (1930), a native English speaker, and Qarai (2018), a non-native translator. The evaluation employed the model proposed by Khazaeefar (2012), which emphasizes error analysis. By referencing two commentary texts and two dictionaries of the Quran, the true meanings of the words were established, enabling a comparative analysis of their English meanings against the Arabic terms and identifying errors in the translations. Additionally, errors at the macro level of translation—specifically regarding sentence syntax, coherence, cohesion, and style—were examined. The findings indicated that the non-native translator exhibited fewer errors and produced a higher quality translation than Pickthall (1930). Consequently, it can be concluded that a translator's proficiency in the Arabic language and its structures, along with a contextual understanding, significantly influences the translation of the Quran, and the non-native translator has effectively fulfilled this responsibility.

The dynamic world of international policing necessitates seamless communication between officers from diverse linguistic backgrounds. Interpol, the world's largest international police organization, exemplifies this environment. Understanding how politeness strategies are employed within this context is crucial for fostering effective collaboration and information exchange. Due to this significance, the present study investigated the politeness strategies used in emails of L1 and L2 user English-speaking police officers of Interpol. To this end, 100 emails composed by L1 and L2 police officers were obtained from the Interpol office in Tehran, Iran, and the frequency of politeness strategies was calculated by two professional raters. The Chi-square test did not reveal a statistically significant difference in the overall application of politeness strategies between L1 and L2 officers. However, the analysis of individual strategies highlighted some clear variations in usage patterns: L1 user officers employed more politeness strategies than their L2 user counterparts. In addition, the findings revealed that both groups used negative politeness strategies more often than positive strategies. The findings of this study can help police training centers develop a better scope on what structures to focus on in their lesson plans to make their cadets ready to work in the international arena.

Sound waves are one of the essential factors of daily life and work activities that can cause environmental pollution in the necessary contact between humans and the surrounding world. Noise pollution is reported to be amongst the leading causes of occupational diseases and the second leading cause of occupational injuries in the workplace. A variety of equipment, machines, and work processes are used in industry that are considered sources of disturbing noise. The aim of this study is to assess the noise exposure of workers in industrial environments using the Bowtie approach and Data Envelope Analysis (DEA). The motivation of the research is the multidimensional nature of the concept of noise exposure from the perspective of the exposure situation and the capability of DEA models to evaluate the efficiency of stations based on multiple inputs and outputs. This study uses a quantitative approach. The research method is descriptive cross-sectional. In this research, a case study was conducted to evaluate 10 stations of a company in the industrial area in the first half of 2023. The Bowtie approach was used to determine the correlation between noise exposure and its consequences. The collection of noise exposure measurement data enables the mathematical modeling of the BCC input based on the DEA approach using the EMS software, where the input of the model is the "equivalent sound level" and the output of the model is the "noise pollution situation". The results show the different efficiencies of the 10 stations investigated and the superiority of station 7 compared to the other stations. In the industrial area studied, 30% of the total measuring stations were located in the risk range. The average sound pressure level was estimated at 101.70 dB. It seems that companies can effectively improve the health of their employees in the workplace by directing their activities within the permissible range of noise exposure. The efficiency of measuring stations plays a constructive role in reducing exposure and improving the health of employees in the workplace.