درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Background: Virtual reality (VR) as a digital technology may affect the physical and mental performance of students.   Aim : The aim of the present study is to examine the effects of VR aerobic exercise on the physiological and psychological indicators of overweight female students. Materials and Methods: In the present study, a number of 30 overweight (body mass index (BMI) of 27±2) female students (aged 10-13 years), have been classified into three groups of aerobic exercise with VR glasses, aerobic exercise without VR glasses and control. The workout groups performed 8 weeks of aerobic exercise with and without VR glasses at home, during which time the control group did not exercise. Prior to and after the course, the students participated in pre-and post-test, which included body composition tests, waist to hip circumference to measure the anthropometric indices, and Harvard step test to measure aerobic capacity. The sport motivation and physical activity enjoyment scale were employed in order to measure the psychological indices. Results: The present results have indicated that eight weeks of aerobic exercising with and without VR glasses significantly reduces BMI ( P = 0.0001 and P = 0.005, respectively) and Heart Rate Recovery (step test) ( P = 0.0001 and P = 0.003, respectively). However, the indices of enjoyment of sports activity ( P = 0.0001 and P = 0.004, respectively) and sports motivation ( P = 0.0001 and P = 0.001, respectively) were found to meet a sharp increase in both exercise groups. Conclusion:  The present achievements showed that both exercise methods lead to reduced anthropometric and improved psychological indices.

Purpose: Brand development in tourism of natural places can play a vital and effective role in attracting tourists. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate a structural equation modeling of brand development in tourism of natural places. Methodology: This study was applied in terms of its objective and quantitative in its approach. The research population consisted of employees of organizations and cultural heritage institutions in Tehran city (1,200 individuals). The sample size was determined as 384 individuals using the Krejcie and Morgan table, and they were selected through multi-stage cluster sampling. The research instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire on brand development in tourism of natural places with 23 items, whose content validity was confirmed by 20 experts, and its reliability was calculated using Cronbach's alpha as 0.82. Data were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis and structural equation modeling in software such as SPSS and LISREL. Findings: Seven factors were identified: place value, communications and information, tourist facilities and services, physical factor, awareness of the tourism destination brand, attachment to the place, and contextual conditions. All of them had factor loadings exceeding 0.60, the extracted variances were all over 0.70, and the Cronbach's alpha for all of them was higher than 0.80. Furthermore, the model of brand development in tourism of natural places had a good fit, and brand development in tourism of natural places had a positive and significant impact on all seven mentioned factors (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, to attract tourists, conditions can be provided for the realization of place value, communications and information, tourist facilities and services, physical factor, awareness of the tourism destination brand, attachment to the place, and contextual conditions.