درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Intentionality is a form of received and perceptual awareness through which humans relate to their geographical lifeworld. This awareness is acquired both objectively and, at times, subjectively, and is shaped through various mediating factors. In the context of urban tourism, the structure of such intentionality is grounded in phenomenological and post-phenomenological approaches, emerging from the relational dynamics between humans and tourism elements. The present study aims to explore the manner and conditions of tourists' intentional perception—tourists being positioned as the observer (subject) toward tourism artifacts and sites—considered as the observed (object). The research methodology is qualitative, based on phenomenological and post-phenomenological perspectives, and employs semi-structured interviews conducted with tourists in the city of Zanjan.Data were analyzed using the grounded theory model, involving open, axial, and selective coding. The resulting categories were interpreted and classified within the contextual framework of factors, mediators, and symbols of intentionality. Findings indicate that tourists’ awareness and understanding differ between initial (prior) and subsequent (posterior) stages of intentionality and follow a developmental trajectory. Categories such as attractions, religion, handicrafts, traditional markets, contemporary history, and mummification—which characterized the initial stage—give way in the subsequent stage to religion, culture and beliefs, architecture and identity, history and civilization, diversity of heritage, and heritage preservation, reflecting a shift in the mental structure of perception. As a result, touristic intentionality is influenced by direct observation, length of stay, and various intermediating factors (such as services, support systems, interpretation, and guidance). Ultimately, it is a function of the volume and quality of information received from the objects (tourism elements) through the mediating role of the subjects (tourists).

This study examines the effectiveness of long-term formant frequency distributions (LTFDs), Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCCs), and their combined application in distinguishing Kurdish-Persian bilingual speakers. Speech samples were collected from 20 early male bilingual speakers who read the fable ' The North Wind and the Sun ' in Kurdish (Sorani dialect) and Persian. The Random Forest algorithm was employed to analyze the data. Feature importance for formant frequencies and MFCCs was evaluated using the mean decrease in accuracy metric. The results indicated that LTFD measures provided moderate accuracy in speaker differentiation, reflecting their capacity to capture vowel-related articulatory patterns. In contrast, MFCCs demonstrated superior performance, effectively encoding spectral and speaker-specific characteristics. When LTFDs and MFCCs were combined, system accuracy was slightly improved compared to using MFCCs alone. This marginal enhancement underscores the potential benefits of integrating LTFDs with MFCCs in forensic voice comparison, where even small gains can have significant practical implications. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of bilingual speaker variability and provide insights for optimizing speaker identification systems in bilingual contexts.

Chez Bakhtine, c’est le carnaval, défini comme événement populaire critique dirigé contre le sérieux de la culture officielle, qui constitue le point de départ de la théorie du roman. Les caractéristiques de l’événement carnavalesque sont l’ambivalence, la polyphonie et le rire. L’ambivalence carnavalesque n’admet pas la valeur absolue et rend relative toutes les valeurs. Avec les valeurs contradictoires accouplées par le carnaval sont réunis des discours incompatibles issus de ces valeurs qui font naître une structure ouverte et polyphonique. Et enfin, le sérieux de la culture dominante est nié par la bouffonnerie et par le caractère clownesque du carnaval. Mais dans la société moderne, le carnaval s’est transformé en événement folklorique ou touristique. Donc, on peut se demander sur la pertinence et l’actualité de la théorie bakhtinienne. À travers cette recherche, on s’interroge sur les origines et les caractéristiques de l’ambivalence carnavalesque dans La Maison des Idris en tant que roman contemporain. Nous allons démontrer comment Ghazaleh Alizadeh a créé un roman polyphonique et dialogique dans lequel les voix des personnages, comme autant d’instances discursives, se confrontent dans une contradiction et une ambivalence permanente.