درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in global home confinement and quarantine, leading to the vaccination of societies worldwide. However, some elite athletes have negative views toward vaccination. Aim: This study aimed to compare the lifestyle of vaccinated versus unvaccinated international elite athletes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods: From March to October 2021, an online survey was conducted, including socio-individual information of athletes, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), the Rapid Eating Assessment for Participants (REAP-S), and the Petersburg Sleep Quality Questionnaire (PSQI). A total of 581 elite athletes from 4 continents (Europe, Asia, Africa, and America) and different countries, aged 18-35 years, were voluntarily recruited. Data analysis was performed using U-Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests, with the level of significance set at alpha P <0.05. Results: The results indicated that there was a significant difference between the level of physical activity and eating behavior of vaccinated versus unvaccinated elite athletes ( P <0.001). However, no significant difference was found between the quality of sleep among vaccinated and unvaccinated elite athletes ( P =0.270). Conclusion: It was shown that, despite the unvaccinated status of some elite athletes (49.9%), their physical activity levels were higher than those of vaccinated elite athletes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, the eating behavior of vaccinated elite athletes was better than that of unvaccinated elite athletes during the COVID-19 pandemic, but there was no significant difference in the quality of sleep between the groups.

Purpose: The adequate use of sport-related modern knowledge such as new findings regarding nutritional and dietary supplements is an essential prerequisite of success in modern professional sport. Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 11 nationally prominent Taekwondoin with 8 to 12 years of experience and profile of (Age: 20±6 years, height: 178±12 cm, weight: 67±11kg, wrist circumference: 17±1 cm) were selected as subjects. The level of blood lactate, the time and speed of execution of Poomsae forms, and the number of Momdollyos successfully performed in 20 seconds were measured separately in a pre-test phase, after the intake of a placebo, and after the consumption of supplement drink. Results: Statistical results showed that lactate levels significantly increased compare to pre-tests in both groups. Although this increasing was not significant between groups in Momdollyo (p=0.599) and Poomsae (p=0.303). Indeed, number of successfully executed and also time of performance were significantly different in both Momdollyo (P=0.000) and    Poomsae (P=0.033). Conclusion: Intake of discussed customized decaffeinated supplement drink increased speed and number of execution of Poomsae forms and Momdollyo techniques but it seems that lactate levels depends on other factors in taekwondoin.

Purpose: This study was conducted aiming to investigate the effect of selected TRX and Pilates training on balance parameters, fatigue index, and quality of life in female patients of multiple sclerosis. Method: In this study, 30 female patients with MS in Isfahan city with an average age of 37.41 ± 7.57 years and a history of MS of 11.31 ± 3.77 years and an Expanded Disability Status Scale of 0.84 ± 1.81 were placed in three groups including control, TRX and Pilates groups. The training program consisted of eight weeks including 3 sessions of 60 minutes of exercise per week. In order to investigate balance, fatigue, and quality of life, the Berg test, Fatigue Severity Scale, and Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life were used respectively. SPSS version 25 software was used for statistical analysis. Results: The results of this study have shown that both exercise programs have led to a significant improvement in the mean parameters of balance (P < 0.005), fatigue (P < 0.005), and quality of life (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Considering the noticeable impact of these training protocols on the quality of life, balance and fatigue, these interventions can be considered as an efficient and cost-effective methods to improve health condition in MS patients.

The purpose of this study was to clarify and analyze the factors affecting the access of Zanjan province football teams to higher levels of national leagues in Iran. The method of this study was mixed. The research population consisted of 193 coaches and 18 members selected from chairpersons and secretaries of Zanjan province football associations. The sampling was purposive at the interview stage, but at the stage of distributing the questionnaire, given the limited number of first, second, and third-class coaches and also the limited number of chairpersons and secretaries of football associations, the samples were selected through total sampling approach and in the case of class 4 coaches, 108 subjects were chosen according to Morgan table. The research tool was only a questionnaire. The validity of the questionnaire was approved by 12 experts and its reliability was found to be 0.94 according to Cronbach's alpha. For data analysis, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Binomial, and Friedman tests were used. The results of the research showed that among the general factors except for the research and education, the effect of other factors including economic, technical, facilities and equipment, managerial, psychological, social, and cultural, and among the minor factors, 22 out of 29 factors are significantly higher than the average. Considering the explained factors and investment in these factors can help the football teams in Zanjan province to promote to the higher Levels of national leagues in Iran.

Health and well-being have become significant dimensions of urban sustainability, particularly in countries with rapid urbanization. Community sports affect the health and vitality of society's population. Although planning for city management has existed throughout history, an integrated structure of the role of sports in urban planning to improve the quality of life and health of citizens has not yet been defined. This study aims to present a community sports planning program in metropolitan areas of Iran. The research was qualitative, and was done using the grounded theory approach based on the systematic approach of Strauss and Corbin (1998). 13 participants were purposefully selected from experts in the field of public sports development for interviewing. The final model was based on 6 categories and 36 factors. Gender and infrastructure were the most contextual factors. Cultural and underlying factors were given more attention than casual factors. Among intervening factors, media, monitoring, and evaluation got more emphasis. The categories of infrastructure and planning were mostly emphasized in the strategies section. While, in the model implementation consequences section, cultural and social consequences were mostly emphasized. Through a participatory approach to sports development, metropolitan municipalities can better understand the needs of their citizens. A bottom-up or company-centric approach allows organizers to reconstruct sports presentation models based on each metropolis.