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Background : High altitude environments can cause a range of physiological changes in the body, and adolescents may be particularly vulnerable to the effects of altitude sickness. Acetazolamide has been shown to be an effective treatment for altitude sickness, but further research is needed to determine its impact on physiological variables among adolescents at high altitude. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of acetazolamide in adolescents over 17 days at high altitude. Materials and Methods: Twenty-five healthy adolescents volunteered for this study and were randomly separated into control group (CG, n=12) and acetazolamide group (AG, n=13). AG took 250mg of acetazolamide. Resting Heart Rate (RHR) and Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS) using the Lake Louise questionnaire were measured each morning and afternoon during field testing; Resting Blood Pressure (RBP) was measured each afternoon. Pre- and post-blood samples (haemoglobin (Hb) and haematocrit (Hct)) were taken at sea level (SL) one week before departure and within 40 hours on return to SL. Results : Significant differences between groups for RHR on days 2, 3 and 5; systolic blood pressures for day 4 and 13 ( P <0.05). No significant difference between groups for diastolic blood pressure, pre- and post-altitude for Hb, Hct and PV. AMS scores did not differ from the two groups except on morning of day 12 ( P <0.05). Discussion and Conclusion : Results revealed that acetazolamide did not significantly induce changes to adolescents’ AMS scores and physiological changes. However, adolescents may consume acetazolamide to achieve lower RHR that may enable them to accommodate to HA, prolonging exercise in similar environments.

The aim of this study was to analyze the phenomenology of sports club customers' gratitude. The method of this research is qualitative and its approach is hermeneutic phenomenology. The participants of this research were 14 customers of sports clubs who had experienced gratitude. These people were selected, using purposeful sampling based on theoretical saturation. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. In this study, the strategies of credibility, transferability, conformability, process audit study, and inter-coder agreement were employed to assess the reliability and trustworthiness of the results. The data was analyzed using Van Manen's (2016) phenomenological method in three stages of coding. Based on the holistic and selective analysis, 6 main themes with 14 sub-themes emerged from the combination of 53 sub-themes. It was also found that the behavioral performance of employees, organizational factors, and individual factors are the drivers of customer appreciation, sports club customer appreciation has two behavioral and emotional aspects, and grateful customers show favorable psychological and behavioral reactions. Therefore, it can be pointed out that customer appreciation is the result of an involuntary exchange process that is accompanied by favorable psychological and behavioral reactions. In addition, any increase in customer appreciation depends on the customer's self-evaluation, the behavioral performance of employees and organizational factors.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the effect of eight weeks of aerobic, resistance and combination training on serum levels of irizin, atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) and some cardiovascular risk factors in inactive overweight men. Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 32 inactive overweight men participated voluntarily and were randomly divided into 4 groups: aerobic training, resistance training, combination training and control. Serum levels of irizin, AIP and lipid profile of subjects were measured before and after eight weeks of exercise. Results : After eight weeks of exercise intervention, irizin levels increased significantly in all three experimental groups (P <0.05). Also, AIP decreased significantly in all three training groups (P <0.05). On the other hand, in examining the differences between groups, a significant difference was observed between the groups in AIP and irisin (P <0.05). Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that eight weeks of exercise training can possibly cause favorable changes in plasma irisin and biochemical parameters of the blood in overweight people. Also, combined training seems to have more favorable effects than other training methods.

Background: Cardiovascular disease is a significant contributor to mortality in diabetic patients. Despite the potential benefits of concomitant and complementary training in diabetic patients, there is a paucity of evidence in this area.Aim: The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of aerobic training in conjunction with a hydroalcoholic extract of the fruit of Qaraqat on superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, total antioxidant capacity, and malondialdehyde in the heart tissue of male rats with type 2 diabetes.Materials and Methods: 24 male rats aged 8 weeks were diabetic with a high-fat diet (60%) and streptozotocin injection. They were randomly divided into four groups: (1) aerobic training (AT), (2) supplementation (Sup), (3) Aerobic training+ supplement (AT+Sup), and (4) diabetes control (Con). The training protocol included running on a treadmill at a speed of 5-24 m/min for 10-60 min, according to the principle of overload. Glucose, insulin, insulin resistance, and MDA, TAC, GPX, and SOD of heart tissue were measured. Statistical tests of two-way variance and post hoc Bonferroni were used using SPSS software at a significance level of P<0.005.Results A significant decrease in glucose levels, insulin resistance, and MDA (P<0.005) was observed in the intervention groups following eight weeks of training and supplement intervention, in comparison to the Con group. Also, the amount of insulin in Sup and AT+Sup groups exhibited a notable decline in comparison to Con and AT groups (P<0.005), as well as a substantial increase in the levels of SOD (P=0.001) and GPx (P<0.005), and TAC (P<0.005) was observed.Conclusion: Diabetes is associated with elevated MDA levels, which are reduced by aerobic training and supplementation. Furthermore, the administration of a training intervention and the utilization of a supplement have been demonstrated to elevate the levels of SOD, TAC, and GPx.