درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

در ٢٠سال اخیر ترویج آموزش مستقل یکی از دغدغه های طراحان دوره های آموزشی و برنامه ریزان درسی بوده که به لحاظ ایدئولوژیک و روانشناسی نافذ شمرده می شود. با این وجود تخمین آمادگی زبان آموزان برای تغییر به سمت آموزش مستقل قبل از اعمال تغییرات از اهمیت ویژه ای برخوردار می باشد. بنابر این هدف پژوهش کنونی مطالعه ی الگوهای استقلال در میان زبان آموزان ایرانی بوده است. بر اساس تجزیه ی عاملی نتایج پرسشنامه ی میزان استقلال زبان آموزان، مشخص گردید که ٣ عامل زمینه ی رفتار مستقل زبان آموزان را توصیف می کرد. مقاله ی کنونی این ٣ فاکتور را به طور جداگانه تحلیل کرده و در نتیجه تاکید بر استفاده از این ٣ فاکتور در طراحی دروس مبتنی بر آموزش مستقل می نماید.

Self-regulation of learning has been extensively investigated in second language (L2) learning. Many studies have focused on the strategies that language learners employ to regulate their own learning processes. However, motivational self-regulation is considerably less explored. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between motivational self-regulatory strategies (MSRSs) and academic achievement. A motivational self-regulation questionnaire was administered to 64 male and female adult Iranian EFL learners to measure their choice of various strategies. The quantitative data was analyzed by applying correlational and multivariate analyses. The results demonstrated that there was a strong relationship between motivational self-regulatory strategy use and academic achievement. However, no difference was found between male and female learners in their use of the strategies. Further examination revealed that higher-achieving students differed from lower-achieving participants in their preference for strategies. The article concludes that while all learners use extrinsic rewards to self-regulate their motivation, more successful learners tend to manipulate learning tasks to make the tasks intrinsically interesting and pleasant. Also, more successful learners set both long-term and short-term goals to motivate themselves. The results underscore the importance of students’ personal interests, needs and goals, and suggest that teachers foster learners’ command of the strategies through instruction and cooperative activities.

نیمه دوم قرن بیستم را می توان عصر فردسازی نامید که در آن تفاوتها و ارزشهای شخصی شناخته شده و مورد احترام قرار می گیرند. هوش یکی از جنبه های مختلف تفاوت های شخصی است که آموزش و یادگیری زبان را تحت تاثیر قرار می دهد. بنابراین هدف از تحقیق حاضر بررسی ارتباط بین هوش چندگانه و توانائی خواندن و درک مطلب زبان آموزان ایرانی زبان انگلیسی می باشد. برای نیل به این هدف، 117 نفر دانشجوی سال آخر زبان انگلیسی به طور تصادفی انتخاب گردید. پس از توزیع دو نوع ابزار تحقیق (پرسشنامه میداس و بخش خواندن و درک مطلب تافل)، داده ها جمع آوری شده و تحلیل آماری انجام پذیرفت. نتایج نشان داد که تمامی انواع هوش چندگانه زبانآموزان ارتباط معنی داری با نمرات خواندن و درک مطلب داشته و هوش شفاهی-زبان شناختی معنی دارترین پیشگوئی کننده خواندن و درک مطلب زبان آموزان است؛ در حالی که هوشهای بصری-فضائی و میان فردی به ترتیب دومین و سومین پیشگوئی کننده هستند. علاوه بر این هوشهای درون فردی و حرکتی پیشگوئی کننده خواندن و درک مطلب زبان آموزان نمی باشند.

Planning, monitoring, and evaluating one’s performance constitute individuals’ metacognitive strategies. Recently, metacognition has been conceptualized not only at the individual level but also at pair and group levels. The concept of socially-shared metacognition has arisen based on the idea that group members observe, control, evaluate, and regulate each other’s actions to promote the group’s problem-solving. This article investigated the impact of motivational scaffolds on a group of Iranian EFL learners’ individual and socially-shared metacognition. Two groups of 30 female intermediate learners participated in this study. In the experimental group, the participants received the teacher’s motivational scaffolds as she provided instructions and feedback throughout individual and collaborative oral and written tasks. On the other hand, the participants in the control group were asked to take part in the routine oral and written classroom activities. The participants’ think-aloud protocols in individual and pair activities were analyzed, and instances of metacognitive activities were identified. The data were analyzed through two Mann-Whitney U tests, and the results indicated that motivational scaffolds statistically significantly enhanced the use of metacognitive strategies at both inter and intra-individual levels. Implications for classrooms are discussed

The importance of demotivation in language learning has been overshadowed in the commonplace research on language learning motivation and even in mainstream psychology (Dörnyei, 2005). The purpose behind conducting this study was to investigate the relationship between students’ demotives for studying in general and English language in particular. Besides, the importance of educational context was investigated through explaining the changes in students’ responses based on the type of university and gender. In Iran, university education is highly important for youngsters and the type of university with their various contexts is determining for their future. There are popular state universities among which one technical university as well as its satellite campus were selected. Besides, a distance-education and a unisexual university were represented in the present sample, overall comprising 194 bachelor students of different majors. Consequently, the factors considered as demotives are ranked, elaborated on and analyzed in order to shed light on the educational context-specific demotives and the pros and cons of current practices of EFL instruction in the universities.

این مطالعه به بررسی روابط بین انگیزه ها، نگرش ها و فعالیت های آموزشی خانگی والدین ایرانی به سوی دوزبانگی (فارسی وانگلیسی) می پردازد. به همین منظور،از ۶۸ والدین زبان آموز جوان، خواسته شد که به پرسشنامه ای پاسخ دهند. لازم بذکر میباشد که هدف پرسشنامه مذکوربررسی نگرش ها، انگیزش، و فعالیت های آموزشی خانگی والدین به سوی دوزبانگی می باشد. نتایج ضریب همبستگی پیرسون و تحلیل رگرسیون خطی داده ها نشان داد که والدین نگرش مثبت کلی، انگیزه یکپارچه٬ و روشهای رسمی درفعالیت های آموزشی خانگی به کار می گیرند.علاوه بر این٬ یا فته ها نشان دادند که همبستگی مثبت معناداری بین نگرش ها، انگیزش و فعالیت های آموزشی خانگی والدین وجود دارد. ولیکن٬ تحلیل رگرسیون خطی داده ها نسبت به متغیر های مربوطه نشان داد که فقط متغیر انگیزه بر پراکنش فعالیت های آموزشی خانگی تأثیر چشمگیری دارد. پیامدهای بدست آمده ازنتایج برای معلمان٬ سیاست گذاران، و توسعه دهندگان برنامه درسی بهمراه برخی پیشنهادات در این مطالعه فراهم شده است.

To direct m-game to be a possible didactic option for Iranian TVT (Technical Vocational Training) trainees, in this study m-game-mediated (Mobile Game-Mediated) materials delivery was incorporated into the conventional teaching method in the blended ESP reading skill platform. So, 52 male trainees fromTechnical and Vocational College of Isfahan were selected by convenience sampling. Afterwards, 48 trainees were defined as homogeneous using Englishtag Test to learn ESP in 16 triads under two different blended learning scenarios in 18 sessions in the academic year 2014-2015. While the first group of the trainees practiced in the blended learning situation with ready-made displaying device and materials, the second-group trainees practiced the same content through the medium of their own self-made PDA (Personal Digital Assistant) and materials; in this way, their learning performance assessed continuously in and outside the classroom. To employ tree-prong approach, interest survey and focus-group interview were embraced, as well. Overall, descriptive and inferential analyses of the collected data disclosed that trainees who were involved in the process of materials development were more excited and learned more than their counterparts who practiced via prefabricated devices and materials. Consequently, self-made (vs. prefabricated) m-game-mediated blended platform was found to be more liable to teaching and learning ESP reading skill.

This mini-corpus, cross-linguistic, comparative, and norm-referenced study intends to render the most frequently and oft-used affixes in the written descriptive tasks in the performance of English language materials developers (ELMDs) and Iranian English language undergraduates (IELUs). Samples of writings of both groups were studied and analyzed through affixation principles. The frequency of nearly 63 affixes both inflectional and derivational morphemes was taken into account. The statistical analysis showed a highly significant correlation (.86) with (.75) coefficient determination (shared variance) between the performance of IELUs and ELMDs. The result of the study bears approximately a close resemblance to the findings by Bauer et al.(1982), Fry and Kress (2006), Honig, Diamond, Gutlohn, and Mahler (2000), and White, Sowell, and Yanagihara (1989). Finally, the implications of the study were taken into account.

هدف از انجام این تحقیق بررسی رابطه کاربرد استراتژیهاییادگیری لغات و خودگردانی بین زبان آموزان ایرانیزبان انگلیسی به عنوان زبان خارجی با توجه به جنسیت بود. بدین منظور از تعداد 82 (39 مرد و43 زن) دانشجوی سال دوم و سوم رشته آموزش زبان انگلیسی که حداقل 45 واحد درسی را دردانشگاه آزاد تبریز، ایران گذرانده بودند، خواسته شد تا با پر کردن پرسشنامه خودگردانی و پرسشنامه استراتژیهاییادگیری لغات در این مطالعه شرکت کنند. پس از کنار گذاشتن پرسشنامه های ناقص، 70 پرسشنامه قابل قبول در تحلیل آماری مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. تجزیه و تحلیل همبستگی، رابطه مثبت و معناداری را بین کاربرد استراتژیهای یادگیری لغات زبان آموزان زبان انگلیسی بعنوان زبان خارجی و خودگردانی آنان، هم برای مردان و هم برای زنان نشان داد. این یافته ها میتواند برخی از مضامین آموزشی را برای آموزگاران در بر داشته باشد.

To date, little research on pragmatic transfer has considered a multilingual situation where there is an interaction among three different languages spoken by one person. Of interest was whether pragmatic transfer of refusals among three languages spoken by the same person occurs from L1 and L2 to L3, L1 to L2 and then to L3 or from L1 and L1 (if there are more than one L1) to L2. This study aimed to investigate the production of refusals in three languages and to specify the impact of linguistic knowledge on pragmatic transfer of refusals. To this end, 161 participants in 5groups filled out a Discourse Completion Test (DCT). Data was coded and analyzed according to semantic formula sequences. The data obtained from Kurdish learners of English who were also fluent in Farsi (Trilinguals) were compared with those in other four groups: 1)Native English speakers; 2)Monolingual speakers in Farsi; 3) Monolingual speakers in Kurdish; and 4) Bilingual Farsi learners of English. The results revealed that pragmatic transfer exists in choice and content of semantic formulae. It was also found that the sociocultural norms of English, Farsi, and Kurdish languages differ with respects to the refusal speech act and that individuals’ social power and relative distance play a critical role in performing such a speech act. This research suggests that, in spite of the norm differences existing among these languages, transfer of refusals mostly occurs from Kurdish as L1but not from L2 (Farsi) to L3 (English).