ترتیب بر اساس: جدیدترینپربازدیدترین
فیلترهای جستجو: فیلتری انتخاب نشده است.
نمایش ۶۶۱ تا ۶۸۰ مورد از کل ۱٬۰۰۳ مورد.
۶۶۱.

The Effect of Multimedia-Based Instruction on Improving Iranian EFL Learners’ Grammar Knowledge and their Attitudes(مقاله پژوهشی دانشگاه آزاد)

کلیدواژه‌ها: computer assisted language learning (CALL) grammar knowledge multimedia application Textbook

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۵۶۶ تعداد دانلود : ۲۵۹
Applying technologies has recently caused language education to undertake influential modifications. Hence, this study tried to investigate the impact of using technology in form of multimedia on improving grammar knowledge of Iranian high school students and also examined their attitudes toward multimedia-based mode of instruction. To do so, three intact classes of lower intermediate students were randomly divided into three groups: multimedia, multimedia + textbook, and control group. After homogenizing the groups regarding their proficiency level, the pre-test was run and results indicated no significant difference. Treatment lasted for 8 sessions, during which the first experimental group was taught through using multimedia elements like cartoons, texts, and Power Point Presentation. The second group had their textbook besides multimedia, while the control group was instructed traditionally by means of the textbook. Comparing the groups’ scores on the post-test revealed the superiority of multimedia + textbook group over the other groups in their grammar test performance. The questionnaire outcomes also showed more positive tendency of the students in this group in comparison to the multimedia only group toward application of multimedia programs. Findings of this study might open a novel way to assist EFL learners to increase their grammar knowledge more successfully.
۶۶۲.

Cross-cultural Study of Iranian and English Students’ Impoliteness and Threat Responses(مقاله پژوهشی دانشگاه آزاد)

کلیدواژه‌ها: impoliteness responses to threats EFL Learners contextual variables

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۵۶۳ تعداد دانلود : ۳۰۱
The purpose of the present study is to compare the impoliteness strategies employed by Iranian and English students in English and Persian Languages. The participants consisted of 6o Iranian EFL learners at intermediate level of language proficiency, 60 Iranian non-English major students, and 212 native English-speaking students. The data were collected through an open-ended questionnaire in the form of discourse completion task where responses to different threatening situations were elicited. The questionnaire consisted of six situations with variations in social power. The data were analyzed based on Limberg’s (2009) model of threat responses. The findings showed variations in the use of strategies employed with variation of social power in different situations. Moreover, the overall findings displayed the frequent use of tendency strategies, that is, toward compliance, toward non-compliance, by the three groups of respondents. It is hoped that the findings of this study can add to the body of knowledge in impoliteness studies and to our understanding of how threat responses vary cross-culturally in particular.
۶۶۴.

The Effect of Self-regulated Strategy Instruction on Iranian EFL Learners' Writing Ability(مقاله پژوهشی دانشگاه آزاد)

کلیدواژه‌ها: Accuracy Cohesion strategy instruction self-regulated strategy writing

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۵۵۹ تعداد دانلود : ۳۲۹
This study explored the effect of teaching Self-Regulated Strategy on the writing accuracy and cohesion of Iranian EFL learners. In so doing, this study followed the SRS instruction model, using a transition word chart, examples, and a graphic organizer. To achieve the objectives, 50 intermediate Iranian EFL learners participated in this study. The design was experimental which used a proficiency, pretest-posttest and random sampling. The analyses of writing tests in the control and experimental groups revealed that SRS instruction had a positive impact on the participants’ writing ability. The effect of SRS instruction was significant on the participants’ writing accuracy and cohesion. The findings draw language instructors’ attention to the meta-cognitive dimension of writing and importance of teaching self-regulatory strategies as a way for achieving autonomy in writing.
۶۶۵.

نظامِ «فعل» در گویشِ «انارکی»: مقوله های «واژمعنایی» و، نظامِ مطابقه «انشقاقی»(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلیدواژه‌ها: گویش انارکی نظام فعلی مطابقه نمود وجه زمان

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۵۵۸ تعداد دانلود : ۴۹۲
انارک، از بخش های شهرستان نائین، در شرق استان اصفهان است. داده های انارکی حاکی اند که در این گویش، نشانه هر سه وجه امری، اخباری و التزامی، یکسان و پیشوندe- است. نشانه های زمان گذشته و نفی در این گویش به ترتیب پسوند-tو پیشوندna- هستند، با این توضیح که زمان گذشته در بسیاری از افعال انارکی، با «نظام مطابقه انشقاقی» این گویش نیز رمزگذاری می شود. با این نظام دو شقی و نادر، جایگاه و مقوله ساختواژی نشانه های مطابقه نسبت به زمان تغییر می کند، به طوری که در زمان حال، صورت پسوند و در زمان گذشته، صورت پیش بست دارند. واکاوی وضعیت حاضر در این گویش از آن رو اهمیت دارد که نشانه های مطابقه، در غالب زبان های دنیا، وندهای تصریفی هستند و به دلیل اصل «وابستگی» گرایش به کسب آخرین جایگاه در فعل دارند. با وجود این، مشاهده می شود که داده های انارکی، اصل جهانی «وابستگی» را نقض و مطابقه فاعلی را در زمان گذشته با واژه بست و نیز در نزدیک ترین نشانه به پایه برقرار می کند.
۶۶۷.

Directed Reading-Thinking Activity and Reading Comprehension(مقاله پژوهشی دانشگاه آزاد)

کلیدواژه‌ها: directed reading-thinking activity graded reading Reading Comprehension narrative texts

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۵۵۶ تعداد دانلود : ۳۴۷
Reading comprehension is one of the essential skills for learning in every language and in Iranian educational system, there seems a need to make some revisions in teaching reading comprehension. In an attempt to address this problem, this research set out to utilize Directed Reading –Thinking Activity (coined by Stauffer, 1969) as a teaching comprehension model which was expected to enhance students’ reading comprehension ability of graded readings. To do this end, 50 intermediate students from Zabansara Institute were randomly assigned to two groups (one control and one experimental) each consisting of 25 participants.  Drawing on a mixed-methods design, the two groups were compared in pre-test and post-test in the quantitative phase. In the qualitative stage, fifteen students from experimental group were interviewed on the effect of implementing DRTA based setting on their comprehension of graded readings (The implemented readings in this study were narrative texts). The findings of the study revealed that DRTA had significant effect on participants' reading comprehension of graded reading. The study provides some pedagogical implications for EFL teachers and students, and suggests some possible avenues for further studies as well.
۶۶۸.

ساخت واژگان خویشاوندی تالشی با رویکرد اجتماعی(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلیدواژه‌ها: واژگان خویشاوندی تالشی جنوبی شفت ساخت واژه زبان شناسی اجتماعی

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۵۵۵ تعداد دانلود : ۳۵۵
واژه های خویشاوندی از اساسی ترین عناصر زبان اند که به آنها از منظرهای گوناگون نگریسته اند. در این جستار، ضمن گردآوری واژگان خویشاوندی تالشی جنوبی (شفت)، آنها را به بنیادی، ترکیبی، ناتنی و ساختگی بخش کرده ایم. ساخت و ارجاعی یا خطابی بودن آنان را بررسیده و از ساختار زبانی راه به ساختار اجتماعی برده ایم؛ استواری یا سستی پیوند خویشاوندی، ارجمندی و بی ارجی، خوشایندی یا ناخوشایندی برخی خویشان، جنسیت، برترنهادن خویش پدری یا مادری، ساختار قدرت در خانواده، تأثیر خانوادة گسترده و هسته ای بر واژگان خویشاوندی، تنوع واژگانی یا نبود واژه برای برخی خویشان را پژوهیده ایم. شیوة مقاله توصیفی و تحلیلی است، هم از پژوهش کتاب خانه ای بهره برده ایم، هم میدانی. در تالشی جنوبی شفت پیوند خویشاوندی گسترده و استوار است، الگوی قدرت پدرسالارانه، تنوع واژگانیِ پدر بسیار، و الگوی اقامت پدرمکانی است. جنسیت برجستگی دارد و دگرگونی اجتماعی برخی واژگان خویشاوندی را برانداخته است. پدر، مادر و خواهر گونة اهریمنی هم دارند. برخی پیوندهای خویشاوندی واژه ندارند و صرفاً توصیف می شوند.
۶۶۹.

The Effect of Input-based and Output-based Focus on Form Instruction on Learning Grammar by Iranian EFL Learners(مقاله پژوهشی دانشگاه آزاد)

کلیدواژه‌ها: Input-enhancement output-based instruction Focus on Form Grammar

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۵۵۶ تعداد دانلود : ۳۶۴
This quasi-experimental study investigated the effects of input-enhancement and production of sentences, containing the target structures, on learning grammar by Iranian Intermediate EFL learners. Sixty male students in three input, output, and control groups participated in the study. After checking the homogeneity of the participants with a proficiency test, the researchers administered a pretest. Input-based group received input enhancement within reading texts in which the target structures were highlighted with different techniques such as bolding and underlying. The output-based group were required to produce some sentences including target structures based on reading texts. The control group received traditional grammar instruction. The results of ANCOVA revealed that both experimental groups learned the target structures better than the control group; however, the input-based group outperformed output-based group in learning target grammatical structures. The findings of the study suggest the widespread use of input-enhancement, as one of the techniques of focus on form, plays a significant role in enhancing grammatical accuracy.
۶۷۰.

نظام حالت دهی و مطابقه الگوی کُناییِ زبان آرانی در چارچوب برنامه کمینه گرا(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلیدواژه‌ها: نظام حالت دهی و مطابقه گویش آرانی الگوی کنایی برنامه کمینه گرا واژه بست مضاعف ساز

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۵۴۹ تعداد دانلود : ۳۲۴
آرانی از گویش های مرکزی ایران است که نیای آن مشخص نیست، اما به زبان پارتی، نزدیک تر است و زمانی در مناطق گسترده ای از ایران به کار می رفت، اما امروزه تنها محدود به شهر آران و بیدگل، در شمال شرقی استان اصفهان است. در بررسی و استخراج الگوی کنایی این زبان، جملات و داده ها به شیوه میدانی و گفت و گو و مصاحبه حضوری با 20 گویشور جمع آوری شده، و در موارد معدودی از پرسش نامه، و همچنین از مجموعه کتاب هایی که جملات این زبان را گردآوری کرده اند استفاده شده است. نتایج نشان داد زبان آرانی از الگوی کنایی گسسته پیروی می کند. بندهای دارای ستاک فعل متعدیِ زمان حال در این زبان، الگوی فاعلی- مفعولی، و بندهای دارای ستاک فعل متعدی گذشته از الگوی کنایی- مطلق تبعیت می کنند. همچنین فعل بند متعدی با مفعول ارجاع متقابل ندارد، بلکه در قالب سوم شخص مفرد ظاهر می شود. حالت کنایی فاعل به صورت ذاتی و مشروط به شرایط خاص اعطا می شود و با واژه بست مضاعف ساز بازنمایی می شود. در بندهای دارای فعل مرکب، میزبانِ واژه بست، بخش غیرفعلی است.
۶۷۱.

Efficacy of Symmetrical and Asymmetrical Pushed Negotiations in Boosting Speaking(مقاله پژوهشی دانشگاه آزاد)

کلیدواژه‌ها: pushed negotiation symmetrical asymmetrical speaking

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۵۵۳ تعداد دانلود : ۳۶۹
This study was set out to shed light on the efficacy of pushed output directed by scaffolding on 41 (24 female and 17 male) upper-intermediate EFL learners’ speaking fluency and accuracy. A public version of IELTS speaking test was held to measure learners’ entrance behavior. Then, they were randomly assigned into symmetrical, asymmetrical, and control group. The experimental and control groups covered 7 lessons of New Interchange 2 during 15 sessions, twice a week for about 45 minutes each session. Control group received placebo while symmetrical and asymmetrical groups worked on pushed output tasks. The data were audio recorded and transcribed for statistical analyses. The results indicated the efficacy of pushed output in boosting speaking. However, tests of between-subjects effects revealed that the mean score of the control group was not significantly different from that of experimental groups concerning speaking fluency. Furthermore, the results of Tukey's HSD post-hoc tests showed that asymmetrically pushed output activities were more effective in enhancing learners speaking accuracy. In sum, the results suggested that the implementation of pushed out put strategies in student centered contexts could be considered as an effective way in the development of learners’ oral output.  
۶۷۲.

Psychometric Characteristics of a Rating Scale for Assessing Interactional Competence in Paired-Speaking Tasks at Micro-level(مقاله پژوهشی دانشگاه آزاد)

کلیدواژه‌ها: psychometric characteristics rating scale interactional competence paired-speaking tasks micro-level

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۵۴۶ تعداد دانلود : ۵۴۴
Developing rating scales for assessing interactional performance is demanding since it is a relatively complicated procedure. The present study investigated the psychometric characteristics of the CAP rating scale (Wang, 2015) for assessing interactional competence at micro-level. To this end, 160 Iranian intermediate EFL learners were selected based on their performance on TOEFL iBT test from a language institute in Tabriz. Four interaction tasks were used to elicit students’ performance on interactional competence using the CAP rating scale. Five raters were recruited in the study to assign score to each individual’s performance. The participants were pretested and post-tested at the beginning and the end of the term through the same scale. The Pearson correlations were computed in order to estimate the test-retest reliability indices of the scale. In addition, five separate exploratory factor analysis (EFA) through the varimax rotation method were conducted in order to investigate the underlying constructs of the communication functions individually and as a total. The results revealed that the CAP rating scale enjoys a reasonable reliability indices and the four functions i.e. building argument, developing discussion, offering support, and shaping connection can be appropriate predictors of interactional competence. Some pedagogical and assessment implications are presented as well.  
۶۷۳.

وزن های دوری چندپاره(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:

کلیدواژه‌ها: وزن های دوری وزن های دوری چندپاره وزن های دوری با پاره های مساوی وزن های دوری با پاره های نامساوی

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۵۴۰ تعداد دانلود : ۲۸۸
عروض دانان به تفصیل درباره وزن های دوری در اشعار شاعران قدیم فارسی بحث کرده اند، اما در سروده های شاعران جدید، مخصوصا در آثار ترانه سرایان و نوحه پردازان، به اشعاری برمی خوریم که تمامی ویژگی های وزن های دوری را دارند جز اینکه هر مصراع آنها نه از دو نیم مصراع، بلکه از بیش از دو پاره مصراع تشکیل شده است. این قبیل وزن ها را وزن های دوری چندپاره نامیدیم و آنها را به دو دسته وزن های مساوی و وزن های نامساوی تقسیم کرده ایم. مصراع ها در این هر دو گونه وزن، بیش از دو پاره وزنی است، اما این پاره ها در وزن های دوری مساوی، عینا همانند هستند، درحالی که در وزن های نامساوی تغییراتی جزئی با هم دارند. در این مقاله تمام این قبیل وزن ها را از پیکره مفصل پناهی (1395 -1399) استخراج کرده ایم و سپس ویژگی های آنها را شرح داده ایم.  
۶۷۴.

Contextualizing Grammar Instruction through Meaning-Centered Planned Pre-emptive Treatment and Enhanced Input in an EFL Context(مقاله پژوهشی دانشگاه آزاد)

نویسنده:

کلیدواژه‌ها: contextualized FoF instruction de-contextualized FoFs instruction durable effects enhanced input Grammatical Knowledge

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۵۴۱ تعداد دانلود : ۳۴۶
This study has aimed to compare the effects of two types of form-focused instruction, i.e. de-contextualized focus-on-forms instruction versus meaning-centered contextualized focus-on-form instruction, on the development of grammatical knowledge of Iranian high-school students. Two groups of male high-school first graders participated in this study.  One group was taught through de-contextualized deductive grammatical explanation, while the other group received enhanced input and contextualized grammar instruction embedded in meaning-centered activity based on dialogs. The results indicated that de-contextualized instruction as it is normally practiced in high-school contexts failed to promote successful use of the auxiliaries <em>do, does, </em>and<em> did</em> in a written production test. In contrast, adding the design features of meaning-based contextualization and enhanced input to instruction did result in better performance on a written production grammar test involving the use of the auxiliaries under study. In the delayed posttest, contextualized meaning-based instruction appeared to have a durable effect, but the effect was not significant enough to warrant any claim for the durable superiority of this form of instruction. 
۶۷۵.

The Relationship between L2 Listening Comprehension and Listening Fatigue among Iranian Intermediate EFL Learners(مقاله پژوهشی دانشگاه آزاد)

کلیدواژه‌ها: L2 listening comprehension listening fatigue EFL Learners

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۵۴۴ تعداد دانلود : ۵۳۸
Listening is referred to by many scholars as the most important as well as the most complicated skill in the language, which can cause mental fatigue in the learners. This study was an attempt to investigate the relationship between L2 listening comprehension and listening fatigue among Iranian EFL learners. For this purpose, 86 intermediate and upper-intermediate Iranian EFL learners randomly selected after administering a paper-based TOEFL among an initial sample of 120 BA learners majoring in English language translation, took part in the study. A TOEFL listening test and a researcher-made validated listening fatigue questionnaire were utilized in order to gather the necessary data. Afterwards, during the qualitative phase, oral interviews were employed to obtain 30 % of the participant’s’ attitudes about the relationship between listening comprehension and listening fatigue. Applying a Pearson product-moment correlation revealed that there was a significant relationship between L2 listening fatigue and their listening comprehension. These findings were also supported by a small qualitative phase and learners gave their positive support and attitude about the relationship. These findings have some pedagogical implications for teaching and learning an L2, the most important of which is that in order to enhance EFL learners’ L2 listening comprehension, it is better to reduce their debilitative listening fatigue.  
۶۷۶.

نوآوری های دستوری طنز آمیز در مطبوعات معاصر از دیدگاه دستور کاربرد بنیاد(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلیدواژه‌ها: رویکرد کاربردبنیاد تغییر زبان قیاس بازتحلیل قرض گیری

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۵۳۷ تعداد دانلود : ۲۴۲
این مقاله در چارچوب دستور کاربردبنیاد به دگرگونی زبان به بررسی نوآوری های دستوری طنزآمیزِ سال های اخیر در مطبوعات طنز می پردازد. هدف پژوهش این است که با جمع آوری داده ها از مطبوعات طنز دریابد این نوآوری های براساس چه سازوکارهایی شکل گرفته، در چه ساخت هایی به کار رفته است و از میان آنها مواردی که در زبان بسامد بالایی دارند چه ویژگی هایی دارند. این نوآوری ها در سه بخش طبقه بندی و تجزیه و تحلیل شده اند: ساخت های اشتقاقی، ساخت فعل جعلی و ساخت های «ال»دار. با بررسی مشخص شد که بیشتر این نوآوری های براساس فرایندهای قیاسی در زبان شکل گرفته است که حاصل کاربرد زبان است. علاوه بر این، به نظر می رسد بیشتر نوآوری های دستوری طنزآمیز را می توان نشانه نیاز زبان فارسی به ساخت های جدید دانست، ساخت هایی که در زبان معیار قابل قبول نیستند اما در فضای طنز و شوخ طبعی می توان آنها را به کار برد
۶۷۷.

Iranian EFL Teachers' and Students' Perceptions towards the First Grade High School English Textbook (Vision1)(مقاله پژوهشی دانشگاه آزاد)

کلیدواژه‌ها: evaluation Textbooks Vision 1

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۵۳۷ تعداد دانلود : ۶۲۵
In countries where textbooks are considered as the main source of teaching/learning process, textbook evaluation seems to be inevitable and necessary. The current study aimed at evaluating the new English textbook entitled “Vision 1”, developed for the Iranian first grade high school students. To achieve this goal, two groups of participants took part in the study. They consisted of 30 teachers teaching this book in Baghmalek in Khuzestan province and 70 students studying in the first grade high school in the city mentioned. The quantitative data were collected through two questionnaires. The questionnaires were designed to evaluate the book in terms of seven criteria namely, practical considerations, layout and design, activities, skills, language type, subject and content and cultural considerations. The findings showed that teachers and students were interested in the book in all criteria except cultural considerations. The results also showed no significant difference between Iranian teachers' and students' perceptions towards the book. It can be concluded that the book needs to be modified to include some aspects of cultural values to open a window into learning about the target language culture.
۶۷۸.

The Efficacy of an SFL-Oriented Register Instruction in Improving Iranian EFL Learners’ Writing Performance and Perception: Language Proficiency in Focus(مقاله پژوهشی دانشگاه آزاد)

کلیدواژه‌ها: SFL Register teaching/learning cycle Writing Performance EFL Learners

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۵۳۹ تعداد دانلود : ۳۳۲
The current study sought to explore the impact of SFL-oriented register instruction on Iranian EFL learner’ writing performance with a central focus on their English proficiency level. As its secondary aim, the study delved deeply into the learners’ perception of the register-based instruction. To these ends, 50 intermediate and 50 advanced Iranian EFL learners were selected randomly and assigned to four groups: two experimental and two control groups. Employing an experimental pretest/posttest design, the learners of the two experimental groups received instruction on the three components of register; that is, field, tenor, and mode along with the implementation of a three-phase teaching/learning cycle, whereas the learners in the control groups were exposed to a conventional writing instruction. Quantitative analysis of the learners’ writing performance on the pre- and posttest measures revealed the contributory role of register instruction in improving Iranian EFL learners’ writing performance, regardless of their English proficiency level. Furthermore, having been surveyed through a researcher-made questionnaire, the advanced and intermediate learners expressed their positive attitude towards the instruction. The findings highlighted the necessity of superseding the traditional linguistic-based writing instruction by a contextual and situational teaching methodology similar to what has been implemented in the current study.
۶۷۹.

Using Critical Discourse Analysis Based Instruction to Improve EFL Learners’ Writing Complexity, Accuracy and Fluency(مقاله پژوهشی دانشگاه آزاد)

کلیدواژه‌ها: Critical discourse analysis writing accuracy writing complexity writing fluency

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تعداد بازدید : ۵۳۸ تعداد دانلود : ۳۴۶
The literature of ELT is perhaps overwhelmed by attempts to enhance learners’ writing through the application of different methodologies. One such methodology is critical discourse analysis which is founded upon stressing not only the decoding of the propositional meaning of a text but also its ideological assumptions. Accordingly, this study was an attempt to investigate the impact of critical discourse analysis-based (CDA) instruction on EFL learners’ writing complexity, accuracy, and fluency (CAF). To fulfill the purpose of this study, 60 female intermediate EFL learners were selected from among a total number of 100 through their performance on a piloted sample PET. Based on the results, the students were randomly assigned to a control and an experimental group with 30 participants in each. Both groups underwent the same amount of teaching time during 17 sessions which included a treatment of CDA instruction for the experimental group. A writing posttest was administered at the end of the instruction to both groups and their mean scores on the test were compared through a MANOVA. The results led to the rejection of the three null hypotheses, thereby demonstrating that the learners in the experimental group benefited significantly more than those in the control group in terms of improving their writing CAF. To this end, it is recommended that CDA instruction be incorporated more frequently in writing classes following of course adequate syllabus design and materials development.
۶۸۰.

Implementation and Assessment Challenges in Iranian Secondary High School EFL Program(مقاله پژوهشی دانشگاه آزاد)

کلیدواژه‌ها: Iranian EFL program teachers’ knowledge of CLT summative test validity Prospects series

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تعداد بازدید : ۵۳۷ تعداد دانلود : ۵۱۲
Paradigm shift in language education has caused many countries including Iran to reshuffle their public EFL educational program. However, such a promising trend in Iran has entailed serious challenges, which necessitated this study aimed at collecting data from 70 teachers and 70 students to investigate the CLT challenges in terms of both teachers' pedagogical and assessment areas. A Partial Least Square Model (PLSM) addressed these two variables. The findings showed that the first three sub-traits of both CLT and testing knowledge have varying contributions to the main latent variables, respectively. Second, Friedman test indicated lack of compatibility between the respective dimensions as to the implementation of the program. Third, the post-hoc comparison tests revealed that teachers perceived CLT significantly lower than the three areas of CLT testing, knowledge of CLT tests and knowledge of developing CLT tests. Also, their knowledge of characteristics of CLT was significantly lower than their perceptions of CLT testing, and knowledge of CLT tests. However, their knowledge of the characteristics of CLT was not significantly different from that of developing CLT tests. Finally, their knowledge of techniques in CLT was significantly lower than their perceptions  of CLT testing, knowledge of CLT tests, and knowledge of developing CLT tests. In sum, the Iranian public EFL program still suffers from both implementation and assessment challenges necessitating remedial teacher education program.  

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