درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Ameri has a special perspective on the ideal society and its realization. He proposes individual and social moderation or justice and individual unity between internal forces and social unity among the members of society. Ameri believes that moderation, as the main component of virtue and happiness, acts at both the individual and social levels. At the individual level, moderation of the forces of the soul leads to the realization of the virtue of unity and ultimately causes the perfection of the human form and individual happiness, and at the social level, moderation is the factor that unifies society. Unity in society is the factor that keeps it Durable and differentiation in it causes its corruption and ruin. This unity is achieved from total justice and can be considered, from Ameri's perspective, an effect or characteristic of culture. This moderation and unity are not only raised in the individual and total dimension, but also include other dimensions such as the geography of the earth. Religion, with its individual and total moral and juridical commands, reason, with its sovereignty over powers, and love, with its unification of similar matters, play a fundamental role in achieving total moderation or justice and social unity.

Human happiness is one of important philosophical and theological discussions among thinkers and is the goal of every man who seeks it consciously or not, and explains and identifies it according to his view. Thinkers have not treaded the same course in their understanding of happiness. Some have perceived it to be material pleasures, some spiritual-intellectual and some a combination of the two. Allama Tabataba'i has defined happiness of everything as its attainment to its existential good thereby enjoying it. He has defined happiness for humankind as Divine proximity and approximating the Absolute Reality, and has defined the human ultimate perfection as "wilaya". He considers faith to be of the type of knowledge and practical observance, and highlights it in attainment to happiness. This study, by a descriptive-analytic method, led to the conclusion that happiness in Allama Tabatabaei's view consists in "Divine proximity" and attainment to "wilaya", the nearset way to reach this position is soul knowledge and faith is the most important element in realization of human happiness.

Avicenna (Ibn Sinā) is the inheritor of Peripatetic Philosophy. Peripatetic Philosophy is the same as Philosophy of Aristotle, and Avicenna always praised Aristotle for that he reformed and reorganized philosophy in a logical and intellectual framework so that One can deliberate its truth and false according to reason. However, Avicenna in his Philosophizes was extending new approaches, and under several decisive elements he produced a new collection and presented his special philosophy. Four decisive elements in presentation of special philosophy of Avicenna are (1) Greek philosophy, (2) religion of Islam, (3) mysterious aptitude, and (4) intellectual genius. These factors drove Avicenna to a conclusion that by avoiding some Aristotelian elements and approaching to some non - Aristotelian elements, attain his special philosophy, a philosophy that, in spite of being Peripatetic, is in accordance with Religion and compatible with spirit and principles of Islamic culture.In this article, in proper order and brief manner, I will present a description and explanation of the three elements that are non-Aristotelian and have a great impression on Avicenna's philosophy, and finally detect same agreement of opinions in their works. The elements that we will speak of them are as follows: (1) on the doctrine of emanation and proceeding world from First Principle. (2) on the reason and soul and body. (3) on the matter and form