ترتیب بر اساس: جدیدترینپربازدیدترین
فیلترهای جستجو: فیلتری انتخاب نشده است.
نمایش ۱۴۱ تا ۱۶۰ مورد از کل ۱۰٬۲۸۹ مورد.
۱۴۱.

The Role of Construct Validity in Designing English Language Assessment Tasks(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلیدواژه‌ها: Assessment design Construct validity English Language Assessment (ELA) Language assessment experts Validity in assessment

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۶۱ تعداد دانلود : ۲۳
The field of language assessment, commemorating its 40th anniversary since the launch of language testing, has evolved significantly over the years. This study aimed to investigate the key findings and insights from exploring the role of construct validity in shaping the design of English Language Assessment (ELA) tasks. Additionally, it delved into the challenges encountered in construct validity research studies and the strategies suggested by experts to enhance it. The research team utilized a mixed-method research design for the current study. A total sample size of 37 participants was deployed. Descriptive statistics was used to summarize survey responses using quantitative analysis software (e.g., SPSS). Qualitative data was coded and organized using qualitative analysis software (e.g., NVIVO). Based on the research findings, experts in the current study have proposed strategies, and recommendations for enhancing construct validity. These strategies encompassed the incorporation of contextual factors into assessment design, the promotion of continuous validation research, the diversification of task types, and the active involvement of test-takers in the assessment development process. The findings of this study may render implications for EFL teachers, teacher trainers, and assessment administrators.
۱۴۲.

Cognitive and linguistic implications of learning Japanese as foreign language: A case study of a Brazilian aphasic learner(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلیدواژه‌ها: aphasia foreign language learning metalinguistic skills atypical population language impairment

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۰۸ تعداد دانلود : ۷۶
Considering that foreign language (FL) learning invokes a diverse brain network with different functions, this paper aims to discuss the activities proposed in a case study with a Brazilian participant with aphasia learning Japanese as a FL. We focus on the metalinguistic processes required from him to accomplish the Japanese tasks. The participant attended weekly sessions, one-hour per session, for seven months. The sessions were recorded and transcribed. Therefore, we explore the relation among language, brain, aphasia, and metalinguistic processes and embodied simulation in the context of FL learning activities. The results of this research support the idea that learning a FL might be a valuable technique for language intervention in aphasia.To our knowledge, this is the first work to address the FL learning by people with aphasia. Several questions still remain to be answered, such as the long-term effect of FL learning and the use of a broader variety of participants. However,  the findings of this study contribute to the discussion of language learning in aphasia rehabilitation.
۱۴۳.

Investigating Emotional Experiences in Vocabulary Learning Among EFL Learners: A Constructed Emotion Theory Perspective(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:

کلیدواژه‌ها: emotions English as a Foreign Language Vocabulary Learning Theory of Constructed Emotions Higher education

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۹۵ تعداد دانلود : ۶۰
The present study investigates the emotional experiences of ten English as a foreign language (EFL) female students during an English vocabulary-building course, through the lens of Barrett’s Theory of Constructed Emotion (TCE). The data were collected using a background questionnaire, reflection paragraphs, and semi-structured interviews and were analyzed primarily by applying thematic analysis methods. The TCE was used to explain the wide range of emotions experienced and the reasons for fluctuations within a single EFL vocabulary course. The results revealed a diverse spectrum of emotions, including enjoyment, confidence, pride, anxiety, boredom, embarrassment, and blame, underscoring the TCE's premise that emotions are intricately constructed and influenced by personal learning experiences, the appraisal of learning events, contextual factors, and social interactions. Moreover, the study found that emotions are not only influenced by the situational context but also shape the situational context in turn. Thus, the findings highlighted the open and interactive nature of the systems students use to construct their emotions. Importantly, the study uncovered the strategies students employ to manage their emotions, highlighting the active role students play in shaping their emotional experiences. The findings provide valuable insights for EFL teachers, suggesting the need for a supportive and empathetic teaching environment that acknowledges the emotional dimensions of EFL vocabulary learning. By understanding and addressing these emotional aspects, teachers can better assist learners in managing their emotions, thereby optimizing vocabulary acquisition and enhancing overall learning outcomes. 
۱۴۴.

A Study of Quality and Quantity of Nominal Groups in the Vision and Interchange Series(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلیدواژه‌ها: material evaluation nominal groups Textbooks Vision Interchange

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۲۷ تعداد دانلود : ۸۸
Materials evaluation plays an important role in language teaching as it helps practitioners to develop an awareness of the coverage and quality of the existing materials and as such, guides most instruction and revision decisions. Therefore, we sought to evaluate three English Vision textbooks exclusively written for Iranian secondary high school students through a comparison to the identical Interchange book series, the fifth edition. Following a model of nominal groups outlined here, the evaluation targeted the quantity and quality of the groups appearing in the two series as they are assumed to be an important part of authentic language. For the quantitative part, the results indicated a significantly higher use of nominal groups in the Interchange series. Similarly, in the qualitative analyses, we found higher quality nominal groups appearing in the Interchange books. The findings revealed inadequate inclusion of nominal groups' potentially useful structures in the Vision textbooks, supposed to help teachers to raise an awareness so as to come up with appropriate instructional policies, and the textbook developers to consider the findings when any revision is due.
۱۴۵.

تحلیل نشانه شناختی زبان بدن دانشجو معلمان دانشگاه فرهنگیان در ضمن ارائه کلاسی(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلیدواژه‌ها: ارتباط ارتباط کلامی ارتباط غیرکلامی زبان بدن ارائه کلاسی دانشجومعلمان دانشگاه فرهنگیان

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۶۰ تعداد دانلود : ۷۰
این پژوهش می کوشد تا چگونگی زبان بدن دانشجومعلمان دانشگاه فرهنگان را در ضمن ارائه کلاسی تحلیل نموده و نوع گفتمان های رایج در زبان بدن آنها را تفسیر نماید. برای نیل به این هدف از رویکرد کیفی از نوع تلفیقی از روشهای مشاهده مشارکتی و پدیدارشناسی استفاده شده است. شرکت کنندگان پژوهش را استادان و دانشجویان دانشگاه فرهنگیان در سال تحصیلی 403 - 1402 تشکیل میدادند. نمونه پژوهش از طریق نمونه گیری هدفمند از نوع موارد مطلوب انتخاب شد و با توجه به اشباع نظری 10 نفر استاد و 18 نفر دانشجومعلم انتخاب شدند. ابزار گردآوری داده ها از طریق مشاهده مشارکتی و مصاحبه نیمه-ساختاریافته بوده است که پس از مشخص شدن اهداف تحقیق، ارائه دانشجومعلمان مشاهده و ضبط و مکتوب شد. برای تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها از تحلیل ساختاری - تفسیری استفاده شده است و جزئیات یافته ها مورد تفسیر قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد دانشجومعلمان در ارائه کلاسی خود نشانه های زبان بدن را به منظور دوازده نوع گفتمان از جمله گفتمان تکمیل کردن مطالب، گفتمان اقناع سازی، قاطعیت و عدم قاطعیت ارائه دهنده، تاکید بر مطالب کلامی، حفظ و برقراری آرامش، توانمندی و تسلط ارائه دهنده، اعتماد و کم اعتمادی ارائه دهنده، تایید و مخالفت، کنترل و هشدار به دانشجویان، مشارکت دانشجویان در کلاس درس، تعادل و رعایت عدالت و تعامل با دانشجویان استفاده می نمایند. در نهایت می توان گفت با بهره گیری مطلوب و اصولی از مهارت های غیرکلامی میتوان ارتباط موفق تری با دانشجویان داشت و از سوءتفاهم ها و آغاز هرگونه تعارضی جلوگیری کرد.
۱۴۶.

طراحی و اعتبار سنجی پرسشنامه راهکارهای مطلوب مدرسان زبان انگلیسی برای کاهش اضطراب فراگیران زبان انگلیسی(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلیدواژه‌ها: اضطراب اضطراب یادگیری زبان نگرش معلمان علل اضطراب راهکارهای کاهش اضطراب

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۲۱۱ تعداد دانلود : ۲۰۶
هدف از این تحقیق ساخت و اعتبارسنجی ابزاری جهت اندازه گیری راهکارهای معلمان زبان انگلیسی برای کاهش اضطراب یادگیری در زبان آموزان بود. در این پژوهش ترکیبی، با بهره گیری از روش متوالی اکتشافی و با استفاده از نمونه گیری آسان، 200 معلم زبان انگلیسی از موسسه های زبان کیش و سفیر در تهران به عنوان شرکت کننده انتخاب شدند. برای طراحی آیتم های پرسشنامه، با 30 معلم زبان انگلیسی که به طور تصادفی از میان 200 معلم اولیه انتخاب شده بودند مصاحبه شد و از آنها در باره علل اضطراب زبان آموزان و راهکارهای کاهش اضطراب مربوط به یادگیری زبان آموزان سوال شد. براساس نتایج تحلیل محتوای پاسخ ها و دیدگاه های نظری موجود و پیشینه تجربی، یک پرسشنامه با 18 آیتم جهت اندازه گیری راهکارهایی که معلمان زبان استفاده می کنند طراحی شد. در نتیجه تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی، یک مدل شامل چهار عامل آموزش مرتبط با فرآیند یادگیری، آموزش صریح راهکارهای کاهش اضطراب ، مواد درسی، و نحوه آموزش استخراج شد. نتایج تحلیل عاملی تاییدی نیز نشان داد که این مدل چهار عاملی دارای روایی قابل قبول است. بر اساس نتایج، این پرسشنامه از ویژگی های روان سنجی رضایت بخشی برخوردار است و می توان از آن جهت اندازه گیری راهکارهای معلمان برای کاهش اضطراب زبان آموزان استفاده نمود.
۱۴۷.

A Systematic Review of Instagram as a Mobile Assisted Language Learning Tool in English as a Second/Foreign Language(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلیدواژه‌ها: Systematic review Instagram Mall meta-analysis

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۲۷۹ تعداد دانلود : ۲۱۲
In recent years, Instagram has gained considerable attention in scientific research because of its popularity among English language learners. This study aimed to conduct a systematic review of empirical studies that investigated the use of Instagram as a mobile-assisted language learning (MALL) tool in ESL/EFL and attempted to perform a scientific mapping of the literature. To this end, a corpus of studies since 2010 was retrieved in January 2023 from six academic databases and reviewed through the stages of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA). A critical appraisal of 48 experimental studies included in this review was carried out and a meta-analysis of 11 eligible studies was conducted. The results of the meta-analysis confirmed the significant effect size of the use of Instagram in ESL/EFL. The bibliometric analysis revealed that the research productivity is up and found writing and vocabulary skills as the main focus in most of the studies. This study could have implications for teachers and researchers to gain a broad overview of the integration of Instagram in English language teaching and to know the current research trends in the field for future research.
۱۴۸.

Implementing group dynamic assessment to enhance Iranian high school students’ grammar ability(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلیدواژه‌ها: Grammar ability Group Dynamic Assessment High School Students Sociocultural theory

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۲۷۳ تعداد دانلود : ۱۷۸
Theoretically drawing on Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory of mind (SCT) and following a sequential exploratory mixed method design, this study probed into the impact of Group Dynamic Assessment (GDA) on the short and long-term Iranian high school students’ grammar ability. Also, a focus group interview was conducted to explore students’ attitudes toward concurrent GDA. This study used a convenient sample of 42 Iranian third-grade students in a private high school who prepared to participate in the Iranian University Entrance Exam (IUEE). The students of the two groups (i.e., GDA and Non-GDA) followed the same procedure (i.e., DIALANG test, pre-test, three conventional teaching sessions and one enrichment session, focus group interview (for GDA group), post-test and transcendence test). Quantitative findings using three independent sample t-tests and two repeated measure ANOVAs revealed that the GDA group significantly outperformed the non-GDA group regarding grammar ability and could apply them in more demanding circumstances. Besides, the thematic analysis of qualitative data showed that the concurrent GDA assisted students to improve their grammar ability. The study's findings highlight the importance of applying GDA as a mediational procedure that assists students in developing their grammar ability in L2 contexts. The findings of the study may assist L2 teachers to apply GDA procedure in their classrooms to save time for teaching and assessing grammatical structures.
۱۴۹.

بررسی نگرش زبانی گویشوران نسبت به کردی، فارسی کرمانشاهی و فارسی معیار در شهر کرمانشاه با استفاده از آزمون تطبیق صدا(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلیدواژه‌ها: نگرش زبانی چندزبانگی کردی فارسی کرمانشاهی فارسی معیار آزمون تطبیق صدا

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۲۲۲ تعداد دانلود : ۲۲۶
ما در جهانی زندگی می کنیم که تنوّع زبانی در آن با آهنگی هشداردهنده روبه کاهش است؛ به طوری که شمار زیادی از زبان های زنده کنونی تا صد سال آینده از میان خواهند رفت. در ماندگاری یا مرگ زبانی عوامل گوناگونی نقش دارند که ازجمله مهم ترین آن ها می توان به نگرش گویشوران نسبت به زبان های بومی اشاره کرد. کرمانشاه به عنوان شهری چندزبانه پذیرای گونه های زبانی مختلفی همچون کردی، فارسی کرمانشاهی و فارسی معیار است. در چنین جوامعی با بررسی نگرش زبانی افراد نسبت به یک گونه زبانی و گویشوران آن می توان دورنمایی از وضعیت آینده گونه های زبانی از نظرِ بقا یا زوال به دست آورد. بنابراین، در این پژوهش کوشش شد تا تصویری واقعی از جایگاه این سه گونه زبانی با استفاده از آزمون تطبیق صدا ارائه شود. تعداد 80 آزمودنی شامل 40 نفر زن و 40 نفر مردِ ساکنِ شهر کرمانشاه در دو گروه سنّی برای شرکت در این پژوهش برگزیده شدند. نتایج نشان داد که فارسی معیار، کردی و فارسی کرمانشاهی به ترتیب دارای بیشترین تا کمترین میزان نگرش مثبت بودند. زنان نسبت به مردان نگرش مثبت تری نسبت به فارسی معیار داشتند؛ اما نگرش مردان نسبت به کردی مثبت تر بود. همچنین در بررسی تأثیر متغیّر سن بر نگرش زبانی، تفاوت معناداری مشاهده نشد.
۱۵۰.

Contributions of the Keyword Method, Thematic Clustering and Developing Morphological Awareness to the Iranian EFL learners’ Mastery of Low Frequency English Words(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلیدواژه‌ها: EFL Learners Vocabulary development strategy Keyword Method Thematic Clustering Morphological Awareness

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۲۰۳ تعداد دانلود : ۱۹۱
This study investigated the effects of three vocabulary development strategies of keyword method, thematic clustering and developing morphological awareness on the Iranian EFL learners’ vocabulary repertoire. Adopting a quasi-experimental design, sixty high-intermediate to advanced Iranian EFL learners were randomly assigned to three experimental groups and partook six online sessions of vocabulary instruction during a week. Using a pre-test and three post-tests, the vocabulary repertoire of the subjects was measured. The pre-test was administered a week before the commencement of the treatment sessions; the first post-test was administered immediately after each treatment; the second post-test was held 24 hours after each treatment and the third post-test was held one week after the end of the treatment sessions. Paribakht and Wesche (1993) model of measuring vocabulary enhancement was used to quantify the vocabulary repertoire of the subjects. Split-plot ANOVA test revealed that the subjects in the keyword group outperformed the subjects in the other two groups in all the three post-tests. Moreover, it was revealed that the thematic clustering group outperformed the developing morphological awareness group. The findings of this research may have pedagogical implications for English teachers, learners and material developers.
۱۵۱.

Recast Enrichment Episodes for Improving EFL Learners’ Written Accuracy and Complexity: Reaching out to Learner Negotiation(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلیدواژه‌ها: Accuracy Complexity Negotiation recast recast enriched by negotiation (REN)

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۲۶ تعداد دانلود : ۷۳
Findings on recast as feedback on learners’ erroneous forms tend to be less than conclusive or confirmatory. Also, the conventional formulations in literature give partial accounts of recasting as an effective methodological practice. The present study proposes recast enriched by negotiation (REN) on the learners’ part as an alternative. For investigating the hypothetical effect, three all-female groups were concentrated on, namely explicit feedback, recast and REN. Summary writing task as post-test concentrated on the learners’ accuracy in terms of error-free T units, and complexity regarding word per sentence ratio as well as lexical density. One-way ANOVA for three independent samples and post hoc analyses revealed that accuracy and word per sentence ratio did not vary significantly; however, lexical density improved as a result of REN. Findings and implications of the study are discussed in the light of methodological potentials and literature.  
۱۵۲.

Iranian Prospective English Language Teachers’ Perceptions of Neurocognitive Science Core Concepts: A Phenomenological Study(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلیدواژه‌ها: neurocognitive science ELT teachers teacher education neurocognitive core concepts

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۰۶ تعداد دانلود : ۷۱
Advocating the inclusion of neurocognitive science concepts in English language teacher training curriculum is gaining more interest. However, little is known about the prospective teachers' perceptions of neurocognitive science core concepts. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore the prospective ELT teachers' perceptions of the neurocognitive core concepts and the applications of them through the lens of four neuro-educational models in the classroom practices. Fifteen prospective Iranian ELT teachers were interviewed and the data were analyzed using the phenomenological method. The findings revealed that the prospective ELT teachers lacked a clear understanding of the neurocognitive concepts and their implications in classroom practices. The findings support the inclusion of neurocognitive science core concepts training in language teachers' professional development.
۱۵۳.

بررسی زایایی الگوهای سازنده اسم مرکب در زبان فارسی(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلیدواژه‌ها: اسم سازی زایایی ترکیب اسم مرکب واژه تک بسامدی

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۹۵ تعداد دانلود : ۹۴
پژوهش حاضر به بررسی زایایی الگوهای سازنده اسم مرکب در زبان فارسی با تکیه بر چارچوب نظری زایایی پلاگ (2003) می پردازد. بدین منظور نگارندگان از پیکره ای برگرفته از پایگاه دادگان زبان فارسی، 1300 اسم مرکب استخراج کردند. روش تحقیق پژوهش حاضر توصیفی تحلیلی بوده و روش گردآوری داده ها پیکره بنیاد است. نگارندگان پس از بررسی و تحلیل داده های جمع آوری شده از پیکره پژوهش، این گونه نتیجه گرفتند که تنها روش کمی سنجش زایایی فرایندهای واژه سازی که پلاگ (2003) معرفی کرده، شمارش بروندادهای یک فرایند واژه سازی است. همچنین، زایاترین الگوی اسم مرکب ساز در میان الگوهای سازنده اسم مرکب در زبان فارسی، الگوی (اسم + اسم) است. به علاوه، روش های مختلف سنجش میزان زایایی الگوهای سازنده اسم مرکب، نتایج متفاوتی را از میزان زایایی این الگوها ارائه می دهد. تحلیل داده های استخراج شده از پیکره پژوهش نشان می دهد که در میان الگوهای سازنده اسم مرکب در زبان فارسی، الگوی (اسم + اسم) بیشترین زایایی را دارد و الگوهای (ضمیر + اسم، ضمیر + ستاک فعلی (حال)، اسم + فعل امر و عدد + عدد) با بسامد نوع 1 واژه، غیرزایاترین الگوی سازنده اسم مرکب بوده و از کم ترین میزان زایایی برخوردارند.
۱۵۴.

Perceptions of Incorporating Smartphones to Overcome Learners' Listening Difficulties in Bangladeshi Tertiary EFL Classrooms(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلیدواژه‌ها: Learners’ Listening Difficulties Incorporating Smartphones Tertiary EFL Classroom

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۴۳ تعداد دانلود : ۲۶
The use of smartphones in higher education has significantly impacted the global education landscape, particularly in Bangladeshi tertiary English as a Foreign Language (EFL) classrooms. Despite their importance in improving students' communicative competence, listening skills are often overlooked in these classrooms due to limited access to listening equipment. This study, at the very outset, seeks to address their challenges while developing listening. Furthermore, it focused on identifying the perception of the learners and teachers towards the appropriate and effective use of smartphones to minimize their listening difficulties. This research design followed the sequential explanatory mixed-method approach to align the objectives. Convenience sampling was employed to select 11 participants for the qualitative component, ranging from lecturers to associate professors, as well as 159 students from 25 universities across Bangladesh for the quantitative component. A questionnaire survey and semi-structured interview were used to collect data. The study utilized SPSS 25.0 to analyze quantitative data presenting mean, median, mode, and standard deviation for the descriptive study, and a deductive thematic analysis technique was employed for qualitative data. The results showed that learners believe smartphones effectively help them overcome challenges like context sensitivity, pronunciation, missed or misperceived words, natural speech rate adaptation, accent comprehension, and vocabulary deficits. This study also finds that using smartphones to improve students' listening abilities in tertiary EFL classes is highly doable. This study also recommends that EFL teachers and administrative authorities work together in order to successfully integrate cell phones in an EFL classroom.
۱۵۵.

Navigating E-Learning Horizons: Exploring Challenges and Opportunities in Higher Education Integration from the German vs. Iranian EFL Teacher's Lens(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلیدواژه‌ها: Blended Learning Challenges Cross-Cultural study EFL Teachers E-learning Integration Higher education Opportunities

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۶۹ تعداد دانلود : ۳۸
The e-learning integration has emerged as an alternative strategy, significantly improving teaching and learning experiences in higher education worldwide. However, it has also presented different challenges and opportunities for teachers and students. This comparative, cross-cultural study explored the perspectives of German vs. Iranian EFL teachers on e-learning integration in higher education. The data were collected utilising a mixed-methods design and based on convenient sampling through two questionnaires on challenges and opportunities, semi-structured interviews, and observations from 26 German EFL teachers and 92 Iranian EFL teachers. The study focused on the Technology Acceptance Model and the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology. The questionnaire findings revealed that both groups recognised significant challenges and opportunities in e-learning. German teachers appreciated organisational improvements and evaluative innovations, whereas Iranians valued stress reduction and access to materials. Both groups faced technological and administrative challenges, with Iranians reporting more severe difficulties, highlighting the need for tailored support and resources to enhance online education. Interviews indicated a preference for face-to-face instruction among Germans, with greater resistance to online formats compared to Iranians. Younger teachers in both contexts showed more positive attitudes towards e-learning, with a consensus on the future of blended learning. The observations also supported the findings. Results indicated significant differences and similarities between the two contexts, highlighting technological, academic, pedagogical, and cultural factors influencing e-learning integration. The study findings could offer practical implications for policymakers and material developers, emphasising the need for custom-made e-learning strategies for different educational contexts. This cross-cultural comparison could suggest insights for teachers interested in integrating e-learning into their teaching.
۱۵۶.

Evaluating the validity of socially-situated assessment: Group dynamic assessment of intermediate EFL listening comprehension(مقاله پژوهشی دانشگاه آزاد)

کلیدواژه‌ها: Group Dynamic Assessment Micro-validity Macro-validity Learner L2 development validity arguments and Mediation

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۳۶ تعداد دانلود : ۳۹
This study evaluated the validity of group dynamic assessment (G-DA), grounded in Vygotsky’s (1987) Sociocultural Theory, implemented in a class of intermediate learners to assess and promote L2 listening comprehension. To navigate the dual goals of assessment and instruction, flexible mediation attuned to the zone of proximal development of the learners was provided within the G-DA interactions. This led to the detection of nine mediational strategies. The validity of these G-DA interactions was explored by extending Poehner’s (2011) validation model to classroom setting. Poehner’s (2011) model includes two interrelated foci for DA validation: micro and macro-validity. Following Kane's (2021) argument-based approach to validation, evidence-based arguments were developed to explore the appropriateness of each mediational strategy given to the learners (micro-validity) as well as the success of that mediational strategy and the entire G-DA procedure in promoting learners’ L2 listening comprehension (macro-validity). Class transcripts were analyzed to gain evidence for the micro- and macro-validity of the G-DA interactions. The findings supported the usefulness of Poehner’s validation model in developing validity arguments to determine the appropriateness of the interpretations made about learners’ abilities and the effects of the G-DA procedure on their development. Moreover, the study concluded that the analysis of learners’ independent performance needed to be added to Pohener’s macro-validation model so that it becomes applicable to G-DA
۱۵۷.

In Pursuit of Meaning in Persian and English Novels: An Existential Approach to The Scorched Earth and The Neighbor Versus A Farewell to Arms and The Sun Also Rises(مقاله پژوهشی دانشگاه آزاد)

کلیدواژه‌ها: Existentialism Identity responsibility War Authenticity

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۵۸ تعداد دانلود : ۵۱
This comparative study examines the works of two prominent novelists, Ernest Hemingway and Ahmad Mahmoud, through the lens of Existentialism. Both authors are renowned for their unique styles and themes that probe the human condition and the quest for meaning in life. This research compares their works, including Hemingway’s A Farewell to Arms and The Sun Also Rises and Mahmoud’s The Neighbors and The Scorched Earth to differentiate the similarities and differences in their approaches to Existentialism. Based on an existential perspective, the study aims to examine how characters in the novels of Hemingway and Mahmoud grapple with existential crises, confront the absurdity of life, navigate concepts of freedom and authenticity, and cope with existential anxiety. Results show that while Hemingway's characters often exhibit a stoic acceptance of the absurdity of life and adopt a sense of freedom in their choices, Mahmoud's characters tend to struggle more intensely with existential anxiety and undergo profound existential crises as they confront the complexities of their existence. Moreover, Hemingway's characters typically fail to stick to their true selves and what they believe in, while Mahmoud's characters might struggle more with being true to themselves and finding their own identity
۱۵۸.

Iraqi Kurdish Supervisees` Perceptions of their Thesis Supervisors(مقاله پژوهشی دانشگاه آزاد)

کلیدواژه‌ها: EFL instructors Google Translate Supervision Thesis writing

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۵۹ تعداد دانلود : ۶۰
Writing a thesis is crucial in the master's or PhD study process. There is no denying the supervisor's responsibility in this situation. Therefore, this study attempts to investigate the Kurdish students` perceptions toward their supervisors at various universities in Iraqi Kurdistan. In this study, two groups of students took part: 13 master students and 11 PhD students. Students, both male and female, who were studying at different universities in Kurdistan were included. They were all in their last year of studies and writing their theses and dissertations. A questionnaire and interviews were conducted to collect the data. The results revealed that students perceived the supervisors as a supporter, a leader, and a knowledgeable person who give them continuing feedback. The major point regarding the characteristics of effective supervisors was their knowledge of students` research topics, requiring supervisors to acquire enough knowledge and information on the topics of students` theses.
۱۵۹.

Relationship between L1 Reading Comprehension, L1 Spelling, and Second Language Improvement in Iranian EFL Learners(مقاله پژوهشی دانشگاه آزاد)

نویسنده:

کلیدواژه‌ها: L1 Reading Spelling Literacy English Language Acquisition

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۵۹ تعداد دانلود : ۳۸
This study aims to investigate the role of first language literacy and reading habits in L2 development. the researcher invited a group of 97 pre-intermediate and intermediate learners from various schools to participate in this study. They were asked to take part in two L1 tests (L1 reading comprehension and L1 spelling) as well as an L2 achievement test. Correlation was used to find the possible relation between L1 literacy and L2 development and in order to find out which of the two subcomponents of L1 literacy can better predict L2 development, regression was used. The findings show that there is a meaningful relationship between L1 literacy and L2 development. Both reading comprehension and spelling knowledge of L1 can lead to L2 development; the statistics revealed that both can preferably lead to L2 development and L2 literacy. But in this study, reading comprehension has the strongest impact on L2 development.
۱۶۰.

استنساخی جدید از کتیبه میخی اورارتویی سقین دل، ورزقان، آذربایجان شرقی، ایران(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلیدواژه‌ها: کتیبه میخی اورارتویی سقین دل استنساخ فتوگرامتری

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۴۹ تعداد دانلود : ۵۳
نقش برجسته ها و کتیبههای صخرهای روشن ترین و بی واسطه ترین روایات را از تاریخ بیان می کنند سازندگان این آثار توجه ویژه ای نسبت به وقایع زمان خود داشته اند و به درستی دریافته بودند که سینه سخت سنگ و صخره ها مقاوم ترین بوم برای ثبت اندیشهها و رخدادها و شرح فتوحاتشان خواهد بود صحت این تشخیص امروزه بر ما روشن گردیده است چراکه بسیاری از این آثار توانسته اند از گزند حوادث مختلف طبیعی، جنگ ها، تخریب های انسانی و غیره عبور کرده و سلامت خود را حفظ نمایند و امروزه در زمره میراث کهن کشورمان به ما واگذار گردند. مقاله حاضر شامل استنساخ جدیدی از سنگ کتیبه اورارتویی سقین دل واقع در بخش مرکزی شهر ورزقان، استان آذربایجان شرقی است که بر بدنه یک تخته سنگ مربوط به 2750 ق.م نقر شده است و نقوش خط میخی بر روی آن کنده کاری شده و به سبب عوامل گوناگونی دچار آسیب دیدگی گشته است. برای دستیابی به پاسخ این سؤالات، علاوه بر مطالعات تاریخی و باستان شناسی، بررسی های میدانی و همچنین استفاده از روش های نوین مستندسازی شامل اسکن لیزری، فتوگرامتری و طراحی دیجیتال متن کتیبه انجام شده است تا بتوان روند تغییرات این کتیبه را در طول زمان بررسی کرد.

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