درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

  Objective: The purpose of this study was to ascertain how middle school students at Fakhri Zadeh School in Ardabil Province's academic year of 2023–2024 related their self-esteem, academic achievement, and test anxiety. Methods: The descriptive-correlational research approach was used for the objective of the study. All middle school students at Fakhrizadeh School were included in the statistical population, and 60 students from the same school were chosen for the study using convenience sampling. The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) and the Test Anxiety Scale (TAS) were the instruments utilized in this study. The SPSS program version 23 was employed for the tests, which included linear regression and the Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: The current study's findings indicated no significant correlation between academic success and either test anxiety (p=0.47) or self-esteem (p=0.88). Test anxiety and self-esteem, however, were significantly and negatively correlated (p<0.001). Furthermore, test anxiety was significantly predicted by self-esteem (p<0.001). Conclusion: The findings of this study show that self-esteem plays a part in predicting test anxiety, and since students' self-esteem may be raised by offering them courses, it is feasible to establish the conditions necessary to lessen test anxiety.

Objective: This study aimed to examine the direct and indirect effects of parental smartphone addiction on child behavioral problems, with parenting quality as a mediating variable. Methods and Materials: A descriptive correlational design was employed with a sample of 410 parents from Malaysia, determined according to the Morgan and Krejcie sample size table. Participants were recruited through schools and community centers and completed standardized measures assessing smartphone addiction, parenting quality, and child behavioral problems. Data were analyzed using SPSS-27 for descriptive statistics and Pearson correlations, and AMOS-21 for structural equation modeling (SEM). Model fit indices, including χ²/df, GFI, AGFI, CFI, TLI, and RMSEA, were used to assess model adequacy. Findings: Descriptive statistics revealed moderate levels of parental smartphone addiction (M = 32.47, SD = 6.81), relatively high parenting quality (M = 74.26, SD = 9.54), and mild to moderate child behavioral problems (M = 18.63, SD = 5.72). Correlation analyses showed that parental smartphone addiction was positively correlated with child behavioral problems (r = .36, p < .001) and negatively correlated with parenting quality (r = –.41, p < .001). Parenting quality was negatively correlated with child behavioral problems (r = –.44, p < .001). SEM confirmed partial mediation: parental smartphone addiction negatively predicted parenting quality (β = –.39, p < .001), which in turn negatively predicted child behavioral problems (β = –.41, p < .001). The direct path from parental smartphone addiction to child behavioral problems remained significant (β = .25, p = .001), while the indirect effect through parenting quality was also significant (β = .16, p < .001). Conclusion: The study highlights that parental smartphone addiction increases child behavioral problems both directly and indirectly through reduced parenting quality. Interventions should target reducing parental smartphone addiction and enhancing parenting practices to safeguard children’s behavioral health.

This comparative study aimed to examine the differences in job burnout, psychological resilience, and altruism between teachers in regular and special education schools in Kerman Province, as well as to explore the relationships among these variables. The research employed a causal-comparative design and included a sample of 80 teachers—40 from special education schools and 40 from regular schools. Data were collected using three standardized instruments: the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), which assesses emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment; the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), a 25-item measure of psychological resilience; and the Rashin Altruism Scale, a 5-item instrument assessing an individual’s tendency to help others. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was conducted to evaluate group differences across the three variables, and Pearson correlation was used to assess relationships among them. MANOVA results revealed significant multivariate differences between the two groups (p < 0.05). Univariate analyses indicated that special education teachers reported higher levels of burnout and lower psychological resilience compared to regular school teachers. No significant difference was observed in altruism. Additionally, correlation analysis showed significant associations among burnout, resilience, and altruism across the total sample. These findings highlight the psychological challenges faced by special education teachers and underscore the need for targeted interventions to enhance resilience and reduce burnout in this population.

This study compares the effectiveness of schema therapy and compassion-focused therapy on emotional self-awareness, hostile attribution, and critical thinking in adolescents with binge eating disorder. The aim of this research was to evaluate the impact of these two therapies on improving the cognitive and emotional aspects of individuals. The research method was a semi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest and control group. The statistical population consists of adolescents with binge eating disorder in Azarshahr. The samples that were selected as available were randomly divided into two therapy groups (n=15). The first group received schema therapy, while the second group received compassion-focused therapy. To collect data, the Hostile Attribution Questionnaire (Arntz et al., 2003), the Self-Reflection and Insight Scale (Grant et al., 2002), and the Critical Thinking Questionnaire (Ricketts, 2003) were used. The results indicated that both therapies had a significant effect on increasing emotional self-awareness and reducing hostile attribution and critical thinking. However, compassion-focused therapy demonstrated a greater impact on reducing hostile attribution and improving critical thinking. The findings suggested that both approaches can be effective interventions for treating binge eating disorder in adolescents, with compassion-focused therapy being more effective in some aspects.

The present research aimed to examine how emotional quotient mediates the link between work gratification and career life quality for employees at Sistan and Baluchestan University in Zahedan, Iran. The statistical population for this study comprised all staff at Sistan and Baluchestan University, and a sample of 155 employees was selected using convenience sampling. Participants completed the Work Gratification Questionnaire created by Brayfield & Rothe (1951), the Emotional Quotient Questionnaire by Chadha (2001), and the Career Quality of Life Scale established by Van Laar, Edwards, & Easton (2007). The results showed that work gratification significantly and positively influenced all dimensions of quality of work life. Emotional quotient did not notably affect the components of career quality of life. Work gratification did not exert an indirect influence through emotional intelligence on the career quality of life. Emotional quotient did not significantly influence the relationship between work gratification and career quality of life for staff in the University of Sistan and Baluchestan.