درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

  Objective: The purpose of this study was to ascertain how middle school students at Fakhri Zadeh School in Ardabil Province's academic year of 2023–2024 related their self-esteem, academic achievement, and test anxiety. Methods: The descriptive-correlational research approach was used for the objective of the study. All middle school students at Fakhrizadeh School were included in the statistical population, and 60 students from the same school were chosen for the study using convenience sampling. The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) and the Test Anxiety Scale (TAS) were the instruments utilized in this study. The SPSS program version 23 was employed for the tests, which included linear regression and the Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: The current study's findings indicated no significant correlation between academic success and either test anxiety (p=0.47) or self-esteem (p=0.88). Test anxiety and self-esteem, however, were significantly and negatively correlated (p<0.001). Furthermore, test anxiety was significantly predicted by self-esteem (p<0.001). Conclusion: The findings of this study show that self-esteem plays a part in predicting test anxiety, and since students' self-esteem may be raised by offering them courses, it is feasible to establish the conditions necessary to lessen test anxiety.

Background: Bangkok's urban landscape features approximately 6,000 high-rise towers housing millions of residents in what was historically considered a seismically stable region. However, the March 28, 2025 magnitude-7.7 Myanmar earthquake triggered widespread psychological distress among Bangkok's vertical communities despite causing minimal structural damage. While existing disaster psychology research demonstrates that individual appraisal processes and coping resources influence distress outcomes, high-density vertical urban environments remain largely unexplored in disaster literature, particularly within Asian megacities where socioeconomic inequities may compound vulnerabilities. Aims: This study aimed to quantify earthquake-related emotional distress changes, evaluate the effectiveness of different coping strategies, examine socioeconomic and disability-related moderators, and test Transactional Model of Stress and Coping pathways among Bangkok's high-rise population. Methods: A cross-sectional web-based survey was conducted two weeks post-earthquake using multistage stratified probability sampling. From 120 randomly selected buildings across Bangkok's districts, 5,200 households received survey invitations, yielding 2,104 completed responses (40.5% response rate). Participants were adults residing at least six months in buildings exceeding eight floors. Validated Thai-adapted instruments included the Kessler-6 for psychological distress, Insomnia Severity Index, and custom scales measuring emergency preparedness, social support-seeking, and self-care behaviors. Statistical analyses employed paired t-tests, ANOVA, MANOVA, and bootstrap mediation procedures with effect size reporting. Results: Clinically significant insomnia prevalence increased from 27.4% to 61.8% post-earthquake. Emergency preparedness behaviors were associated with lower anxiety levels, while social support-seeking correlated with reduced insomnia severity. Significant disparities emerged across housing tenure, income levels, and disability status, with renters demonstrating lower preparedness rates than homeowners (54.6% versus 71.9%). Mediation analyses revealed that preparedness and support-seeking behaviors collectively explained 37.7% of the association between perceived seismic threat and psychological distress outcomes. Conclusion: Perceived earthquake threat, rather than actual structural damage, emerged as the primary driver of psychological distress in Bangkok's high-rise communities. While emergency preparedness and social support provided substantial protective effects against anxiety and insomnia, these resources were inequitably distributed across socioeconomic groups. These findings highlight the critical need for inclusive disaster preparedness policies that address structural barriers affecting vulnerable populations in rapidly urbanizing megacities facing emerging seismic risks.

Objective: The present study aimed to examine the effect of marital relationships on the tendency toward infidelity based on attachment behavior in married women. Methods: This study employed a descriptive-correlational design. The statistical population consisted of all married female students at the Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, during the 2023–2024 academic year. The sampling method was multi-stage cluster random sampling, and a sample of 200 individuals was selected. Data were collected using the Attitudes Toward Infidelity Scale (ATIS) (Whatley, 2008) and the Adult Attachment Style Questionnaire by Collins and Read (1990). Data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics (mean, median, measures of dispersion including standard deviation, skewness, and kurtosis) and correlation tests. Findings: The results indicated that attachment behavior in marital relationships predicts the tendency toward infidelity in married women. Marital relationships have a direct effect on the tendency toward infidelity based on attachment behavior. Conclusion: This study confirms that marital relationship stability influences attachment behaviors, which in turn affect the tendency toward infidelity. Secure attachment reduces infidelity risk, while avoidant and ambivalent/anxious attachment increase it, highlighting attachment’s critical role.

Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the effect of narcissistic tendencies on marital relationship stability and examine the mediating role of emotional maturity in couples. Methods and Materials: This study employed a descriptive-correlational design and was conducted among married couples residing in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Iran. A total of 384 couples were selected using multistage cluster sampling. Inclusion criteria included at least two years of marital experience and no history of severe psychological disorders. Data were collected using three standardized instruments: the Marital Instability Index (MII), the Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI), and the Emotional Maturity Scale (EMS). The psychometric properties of these tools were confirmed through Cronbach’s alpha and split-half reliability. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and structural equation modeling (SEM) via SPSS and AMOS software. Bootstrapping was also employed to test the mediating effect. Findings: The results revealed that narcissistic tendencies were significantly and negatively associated with marital relationship stability (β = -0.32, p < .001). Emotional maturity was found to have a significant positive effect on marital stability (β = 0.43, p < .001) and a significant negative relationship with narcissistic tendencies (β = -0.38, p < .001). Importantly, emotional maturity partially mediated the relationship between narcissistic tendencies and marital stability (indirect effect β = -0.16, p < .01), and the total effect of narcissism on marital instability was substantial (β = -0.48, p < .001). The proposed model demonstrated a good fit to the data with acceptable fit indices. Conclusion: The findings suggest that narcissistic traits undermine marital stability directly and indirectly by reducing emotional maturity. Emotional maturity serves as a protective factor that enhances relational resilience. These results highlight the importance of addressing emotional development and personality traits in marital counseling and relationship education.