درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Purpose: The present research aimed to designing a teaching pattern from students’ lived experiences of the teaching process in universities of Iran in technical and engineering disciplines. Methodology: This study in terms of purpose was applied and in terms of implementation was qualitative from type of phenomenological. The study population consisted of postgraduate and PhD students in technical and engineering disciplines of Australian universities (Melbourne, Monash and Swinburne) in 2018 year who had the experience of studying at the undergraduate and graduate levels in Iran country. The research sample according to the theoretical saturation principle was determined 10 people who were selected by purposive sampling method. Data were collected through semi-structured depth interview method which its validity was confirmed by the method of reconstruction of reality and its reliability was confirmed by conducting interviews in a quiet and unbiased atmosphere and to analyze data used from thematic coding method. Findings: Findings showed that students’ lived experiences of the teaching process in Iranian universities in technical and engineering fields had 197 initial concepts and 38 final concepts in 3 main components: professor (23 concepts), student (7 concepts) and content (8 concepts). Also, based on the concepts and components derived from the students’ lived experiences of the teaching process, the teaching model in technical and professional fields was designed and approved based on the opinion of experts. Conclusion: According to the results, planners and officials to design curriculum and professors to improve their teaching can use the teaching model designed in this research to improve the quality of education in universities.

Purpose: The aim of this research was investigate the effect of participative management and self-regulation on conflict management of managers with mediate role of spiritual transcendence. Methodology: The present study is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of implementation, it was descriptive-correlation. The research statistical population was the male and female teachers of one and two districts of Urmia city in 2019-20 academic years. According to the Cochran’s formula, 343 people were selected as the sample by the stratified sampling method based on the service area. The research instruments was the questionnaires of participative management (Feyzi & et al, 2009), self-regulation (Bouffard & et al, 1995), conflict management (Thomas & Kilmann, 1974) and spiritual transcendence (Piedmont, 1999). Data were analyzed with methods of Pearson correlation coefficients and structural equation modeling in SPSS-19 and Smart PLS-3 software. Findings: The findings showed that participative management and self-regulation on spiritual transcendence, and participative management, self-regulation and spiritual transcendence on conflict management had a positive and direct effect. Also, participative management and self-regulation with mediating spiritual transcendence on conflict management had a positive and indirect effect (P<0.05). Studies have shown that the research the model had the fit well. Conclusion: Spiritual transcendence was a good mediator between participatory management and self-regulation with conflict management, so according to the results to improve conflict management of managers can improve the level of their participative management, self-regulation and transcendence through training workshops.

Purpose : In order to achieve sustainable economic growth, the existence of a competitive market and equal conditions for all economic enterprises is essential, and in Iran the sixth five-year economic, social and cultural development plan has been designed for this purpose. As a result, the aim of this study was the legal analysis of the competitive dimensions of the sixth five-year economic, social and cultural development plan. Methodology : This research in terms of purpose was applied and in terms of implementation method was a qualitative research with a descriptive approach, which in the competitive dimensions of the sixth five-year economic, social and cultural development plan are reviewed and analyzed. Findings : The findings showed that the sixth five-year economic, social and cultural development plan in several cases and clauses pays attention to creating competition in the market, and the government is obliged to provide competition for all economic enterprises in the country. The mentioned program uses variety strategies for economic, social and cultural development such as reducing the role of government ownership, accelerating the privatization process and economic transparency. Conclusion : The results indicate that if the variety strategies in the sixth five-year economic, social and cultural development plan are realized, we can expect change and transformation in the economic market and sustainable economic growth.

Purpose : Shared leadership is a form of leadership in which all organizational employees have an important role. As a result, the purpose of this research was providing a model for shared leadership in governmental organizations. Methodology : This study was cross-sectional from type of descriptive-analytical. The research population was managers and deputies of governmental organizations of Isfahan city in 2020 year, which according to the Cochran's formula the sample size estimated 214 people who were selected by cluster random sampling method. The research instrument was a 98-item researcher-made questionnaire whose content validity was confirmed by 10 experts after removing 6 items and its reliability was obtained by Cronbach's alpha method 0.97. After data collected by researcher-made questionnaire were analyzed with using exploratory factor analysis and structural equation modeling in SPSS and Smart PLS software. Findings : Findings showed that shared leadership in governmental organizations had eight factors of individual, group, environmental, administrative health, administrative corruption, work ethic, political behavior and Islamic management; So that the factor load of all items and the eight mentioned factors was higher than 0.40, the average variance extracted of the eight factors was higher than 0.50 and the Cronbach's alpha reliability and the combined reliability of the eight factors was higher than 0.80. Also, the model of shared leadership in governmental organizations had a good fit and shared leadership had a direct and significant effect on all eight factors (P<0.05). Conclusion : The results indicated the existence and effective role of eight factors of individual, group, environmental, administrative health, administrative corruption, work ethic, political behavior and Islamic management on shared leadership. Therefore, in order to improve and promote shared leadership in governmental organizations can provide the ground for improving the eight mentioned factors.

Purpose: The present study aims at analyzing the content of work and technology curriculum in the junior high school. Methodology: A qualitative and applied research method was used, which was performed based on the content analysis. The statistical population consisted of work and technology curricula of the junior high school in the academic year 2019-2020, which were examined without sampling. The data collection tool was a triple list designed based on the goals of economic-professional education set out in the fundamental reform document of education. The collected data were analyzed using Shannon entropy software. Findings: In this software, the frequency of each data unit was identified, its indices of descriptive statistics were extracted and the importance coefficients of each of them were reported. The data in this study was in the form of themes, photos and learning activities. Therefore, data analysis was performed by using descriptive statistics indicators and their quantitative analysis. The results showed that the rate of emphasis on economic-professional education in work and technology curricula in each of its eight goals was as follows: understanding professional skills 0.99, professional ethics 0.066, entrepreneurship 0.053, avoiding unemployment 0.052, observance of productivity 0.040, commitment to ethics and values 0.039, wealth development 0.038, business laws 0.032, economic justice 0. Conclusion: The content analysis of the work and technology curricula of the first year of high school showed that the understanding of professional skills in the seventh grade was 46.6%, in the eighth grade was 75.4% and in the ninth grade was 61.5%

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of interactional management style on academic adjustment, mathematical anxiety, and academic engagement in elementary sixth grade students. Methodology : This research was applied in terms of purpose and quasi-experimental in terms of method and with pre-test-post-test design with experimental group and control group. The statistical population consisted of all male students of the elementary sixth grade of district 3 of Tabriz city with a total of 3721 students in the academic year of 2018-2019. The sample size was 57 persons (29 experimental and 28 control) and selected by purposive sampling method. Clark academic adjustment questionnaire, Shokrani mathematical anxiety questionnaire, and Schofley and Becker academic engagement questionnaires were used for data collection. The interactional management style was also implemented based on the researcher-designed package. Descriptive and inferential statistical methods including univariate and multivariate analysis of covariance were used for data analysis. Findings : Results showed that after applying an interactive management style, the mean of academic adjustment in the experimental group was significantly higher than the control group. The mean of mathematical anxiety and its components (mathematical test anxiety and anxiety of mathematical nature) in the experimental group were significantly lower than the control group. The mean of academic engagement and its components (ability, commitment, and attraction) in the experimental group were significantly higher than the control group. Conclusion : The study concluded that teacher-student interaction improved academic engagement and academic adaptation and reduced student math anxiety.

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to present a model of factors affecting organizational vitality in public organizations (case study: public organizations of Mazandaran province). Methodology : This was an applied and quantitative study. The study population included employees of public organizations in Mazandaran province in 2019, 246 of whom were selected based on Cochran's formula and using cluster sampling method. The data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire on barriers to organizational vitality and were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis and structural equation modeling in SPSS and Amos software. Fidning s: The results showed that the barriers to organizational vitality included nine factors, 49 components and 120 concepts. The management factor includes five components, the individual factor includes six components, the organizational factor includes six components, the economic factor includes seven components, the political factor includes five components, the physical environment factor includes five components, the religious-value factor includes six components, the technological factor includes four components, socio-cultural factor includes five components. Besides, the factor loading of all 49 components was higher than 0.40 and the reliability of all nine factors was higher than 0.70. Also, all nine factors had a positive significant effect on barriers to organizational vitality so that the individual and political factors had the greatest and the lowest effect, respectively (P<0.001). Conclusion : The results of the present research have practical implications for experts and organizational planners, and can help them design and implement programs to reduce barriers to organizational vitality

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to present a model of professional development of teachers with a qualitative approach. Methodology: In this study, in order to identify the teacher professional development model, a qualitative interview was determined. The statistical population of the study in the qualitative part was all experts and experts in educational management and planning with 10 people and in the quantitative part included all teachers and principals working in primary schools in Shiraz. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. To collect the data in the second stage, a closed questionnaire with a Likert scale of five was used. Findings: The results showed that the results of semi-structured interviews during several stages of coding and also inspired by the research background, led to the identification of the initial code. In the second step, the identified concepts were categorized into the following categories. These fourteen categories are; 1. Management of learning and teaching 2. Creating a conducive learning environment 3. Assessment and curriculum 4. Outline vision 5. Continuous school improvement 6. Effective communication and collaboration 7. Relationship with society and stakeholders 8. Operations management 9. Resource management 10. Guidance and leadership of individuals and teams 11. Professional ethics 12. Islamic ethical principles and norms 13. Develop your career 14. Finally, the fourteen professional standards of school principals were divided into several key areas or categories: educational leadership, strategic leadership, ethical leadership, management and organizational leadership, communication management, and professional development. Conclusion: The results showed that the results of semi-structured interviews during several stages of coding and also inspired by the research background, led to the identification of the initial code.