مریم امیری

Ease of routing is one of the most important principles in the design of public spaces. Such spaces can provide higher desirability when they can communicate with numerous users. This study aims to find the components affecting the mental image, to investigate the compliance of the mental map of passengers from the terminal, and the effect of the variables of gender, education, and the number of trips on the mental map. The results in the theoretical part reached four main components: body, readability, meaning, and attractiveness, each of which includes six subsets. Then, by studying these components, a questionnaire was developed and distributed among the passengers. Software analyses were performed by SPSS. The results of the one-sample Chi-square test to check the compliance rate of the mind map showed that the mind map of passengers in terms of the body, meaning, and attractiveness is undesirable. However, the readability of the airport is desirable. The effectiveness of gender, education, and the number of trips on the mind map was reported to be 0.34, 0.14, and 0.27, with a coefficient of determination of 25%, respectively, indicating that the above variables explain 25% of the variance of the mind map. According to the t-tests of independent female samples, there was a clearer mind map in all components, and the analysis of the variance test shows that the higher the number of trips and the level of education, the clearer the mind map.

Fraud is a common phenomenon in business, and according to Section 24 of the Iranian Auditing Standards, it is the fraudulent act of one or more managers, employees, or third parties to derive unfair advantage and any intentional or unlawful conduct. Financial statements are a means of transmitting confidential management information about the financial position of a company to shareholders and other stakeholders. In this paper, by reviewing the literature, 6 indicators of current ratio, debt ratio, inventory turnover ratio, sales growth index, total asset turnover ratio, and capital return ratio as input and detection of financial fraud as output are considered for the fuzzy neural network. The database was compiled for 10 companies in the period from 2010 to 2018 after clearing and normalizing qualitatively between 1 to 5 discrete numbers with very low or very high meanings, respectively. The fuzzy neural network model with 161 nodes, 448 linear parameters, 36 nonlinear parameters, and 64 fuzzy laws with two methods of accuracy approximation of mean squared error and root mean squared error has been set to zero and 0.0000001 respectively. This neural network can be used for prediction.

The goal of this study was to compare the use of conceptual metaphors in English novels written by native and nonnative writers of English. Therefore, two novels were selected: To Kill a Mocking Bird by Harper Lee, a native English writer, and The Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini, a nonnative English writer. To find the instances of conceptual metaphors in each book, approximately 10% of the pages of each novel was randomly selected and examined line by line based on the framework introduced by Lakoff and Johnson (1980). In the next step, to find the number and type of metaphors used in each book, the identified metaphors were categorized under their underlying concepts and counted. Then, the frequencies of different types of metaphors in each book were tallied and tabulated, and with the use of a chi-square test, the possible differences among the 2 writers’ use of different types of metaphors were found. Results indicated that, in both novels, there were significant differences among the 5 types of metaphors that were identified, namely structural metaphors, ontological metaphors, orientational metaphors, metonymy, and personification. Findings revealed that, in both books, ontological metaphors were the most frequently used type and personification was the least frequently used one. Also, no statistically significant difference was seen between the two writers’ use of the different types of metaphors. Findings are claimed to bear some implications for L2 pedagogy, benefiting teachers, syllabus designers, writers, and L2 learners.