بررسی سنخ شناسانه اسناد خاندانهای مذهبی مطالعه موردی: خاندان آیتی بیرجندی (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
اسناد و مدارک به جامانده در مراکز اسنادی و آرشیوهای شخصی عالمان شیعی حاوی اطلاعات گوناگون فرهنگی، اجتماعی، تاریخی و دینی است که می تواند در پژوهش های مختلف موردتوجه قرار گیرد. یکی از مهم ترین اسناد خطی بر جای مانده از عالمان شیعی متعلق به خاندان آیتی بیرجندی است که بررسی و مطالعه ی دقیق آن ها بیانگر وجوه اجتماعی، سیاسی و فرهنگی جامعه ی بیرجند و ایفای نقش این خاندان در زمینه های مختلف است. براین اساس، مقاله پیش رو در نظر دارد از طریق دسته بندی موضوعی و تحلیل محتوایی اسناد خاندان مذکور جایگاه این اسناد را در مطالعات تاریخ فرهنگی و اجتماعی منطقه مورد ارزیابی قرار دهد. یافته های پژوهش بیانگر جایگاه رفیع خاندان آیتی در حل و فصل مسائل اجتماعی، دادرسی ها، گرفتاری های مردم، رتق وفتق امور شرعی و اثرگذاری آن ها در تصمیم گیری های سیاسی و اقتصادی منطقه است. خاندان آیتی ضمن برقرار نمودن ارتباط مردم با خاندان حکومتگر و سروسامان دادن امور آن ها، تلاش می نمودند که از دایره ی شرع نیز در تأیید حکومت خارج نشوند.A Phenomenological Analysis of Clerical Family Archives: The Case of the Ayati Birjandi Family
Introduction The archival centers and personal archives of Shia scholars contain valuable documents and records that offer a wealth of cultural, social, historical, and religious information. Among these documents are those belonging to the Ayati Birjandi Family, which shed light on the social, political, and cultural aspects of the Birjand community and the family's role in various fields. This article seeks to highlight the significance of these documents in cultural, social, and religious history studies through thematic categorization and content analysis. Family documents are integral to historical research as they provide insights into the lives of individuals and offer a window into the social, political, cultural, and economic history of the society they inhabited. By categorizing and analyzing the diverse topics covered in family documents, researchers can uncover overlooked aspects in both local and national historical studies. Method Given the significance of family documents in local historical research, this article aims to address the following inquiries by conducting a genealogical analysis of the Ayati family documents: What genealogical details do the Ayati family documents contain as a family linked to the class of religious scholars? What is the importance of Ayati family documents in historical research? In the context of this study, a thesis titled “Sheikh Mohammad Bagher Ayati and the Socio-Cultural Transformations of Birjand” has been developed, focusing on the social landscape of the region with an emphasis on documents in the fourth chapter (Khosravi Minakhoo, 2012, pp. 60-77). Additionally, an article titled "The Position of the Answers of the Scholars of Qaenat" has been included in the South Khorasan Studies Journal, highlighting the responses of this family among various documents (Alizadeh Birjandi et al., 2013). The Ayati family members, particularly Mohammad Bagher and Sheikh Mohammad Hossein, have bequeathed a plethora of documents that, upon scrutiny and analysis, unveil the social, political, and cultural facets of the Birjand community and the diverse roles these scholars played in various domains.The remaining documents from the aforementioned family are classified as follows:Endowment Documents: In certain instances, the responsibility for administering the endowment rested with the endower themselves. Subsequently, this responsibility would be passed on to their male descendants. Conversely, in other cases, the management of the endowment was entrusted to third parties.Social Documents: These records encompass a range of subjects including public welfare, religious harmony, marriage, and the resolution of disputes among individuals.Fatwas: These documents consist of judgments issued by scholars from the Ayati family in response to religious and legal inquiries.Economic Documents: These records pertain to matters such as leasing agreements, commercial transactions, and the collection of funds for religious purposes.Political Documents: Some of these texts were formulated in response to requests from governmental bodies at either the central or local level. Others document political events and conflicts.Correspondence: The exchange of amicable letters, be it in prose or poetry, among poets and intellectuals is termed as correspondence. Within the Ayati family archives, there exist a number of correspondence documents, primarily associated with Mohammad Hossein Ayati. These missives touch upon various subjects—ranging from personal and familial matters to social issues and even political intricacies of the era. One such letter reveals the challenges faced by the writer: “I am currently under scrutiny for not aligning with popular sentiments and not pandering to the prevailing regime, much like the esteemed late servant, Haj Sheikh Mohammad Bagher, who encountered similar backlash.” Findings The research findings illustrate the esteemed position of the Ayati family in addressing social, judicial, and humanitarian issues, as well as religious matters and their influence on regional decision-making in political, social, and economic spheres. Discussion and Conclusion From the collection of documents of the Ayati family utilized in this study, it is evident that in the realms of social, economic, endowment-related, theological, political, and familial matters, there are documents that upon scrutiny and analysis of their content, reveal the economic and social conditions of the people in the region during the Qajar and early Pahlavi eras. The diversity of documents reflects the social, political, and economic functions of the scholars of this family among the masses, both rich and poor. The abundance of endowment documents in the archival centers and personal archives of this family speaks to the longstanding tradition of endowments in the region and the strong faith of its people, highlighting the role and function of this family in society. The content analysis of the economic documents of this family sheds light on the economic interactions among the people and their livelihoods, primarily focused on agricultural aspects. Additionally, the type and amount of funds allocated to religious scholars indicate the financial constraints faced by the people, alongside their steadfastness in religious matters. Furthermore, the variety and abundance of these documents demonstrate the economic roles of these scholars. The study of political documents remaining from this family indicates their significant role in regional political matters. Due to their social influence, the central government and local authorities valued the political opinions of the Ayati family. For instance, in the case of the succession of Mohammad Ibrahim Alim and the matter of the endowment deed, both local authorities and the central government sought the opinion of Mohammad Bagher. The endorsement of the endowment deed by Mohammad Bagher led to the stabilization of Mohammad Ibrahim Khan's rule in Birjand and Qaenat. Additionally, Sheikh Mohammad Hossein's role in supporting the national front of Qaenat and advocating for the nationalization of oil, as well as his struggle against British factors, reflects the political situations in the region and his role in awakening the people of the Qaenat region. The examination of responses to theological inquiries also highlights the unparalleled position of the scholars of the Ayati family in resolving religious queries, as well as their role in addressing social issues.
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